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Maoist Documents

Foreword

SZCM Narender and I went to South Bastar to take up social investigation. The program was decided in two phases. In the South Bureau meeting in the 3rd week of December it was decided that I would go alone. The planning of the secretariat in the first week of January allowed Narender to accompany me. This was very helpful. He came as per the decision of the SZC. My original program to go to South Bastar by 15th January was postponed by ten days. Ultimately both of us started the work on 28th January. DCM Aitu, ACS Sukku and Sekhar, SGS Commanders Suryam and Vinod were with us. We had the protection of two SGS. The first three days we discussed about the planning of class analysis and on the reporting of the guerilla base. We started investigation on 31st afternoon. We decided 19 villages in four RPCs. The investigation was successfully completed by 13th February. We also held the meetings of two RPC, their sub committees, one GPC meeting and a meeting of one cooperative. They too were successful. On 10th February we attended the Bhumkal meeting. We visited the development activities of the Party the same day. From 14th February we started analyzing that went on until 22nd. After 5th Feb, DCM Sukku left. On the 14th Aitu, Sekhar and Suryam left us. Suryam joined us again on 18th after their AC meeting. I prepared the report from the 18th.

The area is totally new and we interviewed only three organizations. So the report might not be very enlightening. Anyway in the process of understanding the area, the investigation helped me reach certain political conclusions and synthesise the same. The class analysis helped in making specific estimation with the help of investigation. It helped a lot to understand the society in a deep manner in a short time. We could meet people of 19 villages. The thought of this investigation started during my journeys through South Bastar and came into practice now.

I hope it is successful.

 

Revolutionary greetings

Yours

Kamlesh

March 2004

 

I
Class analysis

 

It is twenty years since class struggle started in South Bastar. The people obtained power on the forest and land with the struggle on the local landlords and struggle against the state. Party took up development activities. People became conscious and were organized. There were economic, social and cultural changes in the adivasi society. Due to the struggle against the class and the state, the exploitative forces are suppressed. We do not see the direct exploitation of the traditional tribal feudalism or imperialism in this area. Anyway the exploiting classes are looking for an opportunity to destroy the strengthening political power under the leadership of agricultural labor and the poor peasants. They are taking chance of the backward traditions and customs. They are propagating against the revolutionary movement secretly. They try to use the weak elements in our organizations and control the villages. In some places they threaten and try to till the lands distributed to the poor peasants. The Bandi landlord of Mettagudem is one example. There are a lot of changes in the class composition after the movement started under our leadership. In the present survey of 19 villages, there are a total of 848 families. Out of these 398 families (46.39 per cent) are middle, upper middle and rich peasants. In 1999 there were five landlords, 20 rich peasants and now their number increased to 37-99. Out of the 87 families in Sakileru village, 38 are from the middle and the rich peasants. Around 514 acres of land is under use in this village. Out of this 300 acres of forestland was obtained from struggle. The Murias of the village are new migrants. Since the land struggle and the occupation of the landlord’s land, rich peasants are also cutting the forest to make new lands and turning into landlords. Though the class struggle was in a severe level in the past, feudal class retained. Due to the development in agriculture and cutting the forest and since the class struggle did not intensify in RPC villages like Errapadu, the feudal class increased quantitatively. Anyway poor peasants are more than half of the population. The class struggle brought new changes in its own way.

If we can understand the changes in the guerilla base areas where we have a strong organization we can understand the distinctive changes in the class composition in the villages on roadside and the big villages in the periphery area. We will have to adopt our tactics considering the fast changes in the society.

Until now there was no specific class analysis and synthesis and related education. So the DC, AC, village Party and the RPC do not have a command on class analysis. It is necessary to gain command on the political program of the ongoing class struggle against the landlords and strengthening the unity of the four classes.

Mao said that land investigation movement does not mean counting land acre by acre but investigating the classes in a realistic manner. He adds that the main issue of class investigation is investigating landlords and rich peasants. It is because they put the veil of an ordinary peasant. It is necessary to expose them in front of the peasants. We have to present the aim of investigation clearly before the masses. We have to conduct various meetings to explain the same. We have to depend on poor peasants. We have to adopt various kinds of propaganda methods. If the people do not understand the aim of investigation, confusion arises. Moreover we will not get proper facts.

After the class analysis we must place the report before the people and discuss it. We must be strict in investigating the classes. If there are any mistakes it shall be a life and death problem. We have to tell the masses about the forms of exploitation of the landlords and the rich peasants and the details of their personal lives. We must ask their opinion and then announce the decision. We must make necessary changes according to the suggestions of the people. Depending on the investigation of land we have to acquire the lands and properties of landlords once again and distribute them among the poor peasants. The immovable property must be given to the RPC. We should not occupy the lands of the rich peasants in the present stage.

Through the land investigation we have to depend on the agricultural labor and the poor peasants, unite with the middle peasants, weaken the rich peasants and eliminate the landlords.

We must make efforts to strengthen the United Front of the four classes in our GB area through this movement.

 

 

II
LIC policies

 

Bourgeois parties are unleashing repression on one hand and reforms (LIC) on the other. Due to these polices there are changes in the class composition in our area. We can observe a danger. Sections favorable to the government and ruling class are developing. The BJP that came to power in the Assembly elections considers construction of roads as a key issue to suppress our movement. It is planning to start reforms in a large scale. It is preparing a strong informer mechanism. It also took up false propaganda. Due to these policies implemented as a part of LIC, changes are going on a fast pace in the peripheral villages. The enemy is establishing educational institutions like Sevabharathi, teachers, Anganvadis, pasters and traders in covers to develop informer network. We came to know of the network recently by chance, when we arrested a home guard in the cover of teacher in sevabharathi. He informed us about the network of 60 members. He is guiding 30 informers. Interestingly he is also the leader of our Sangh. We removed him since he is dangerous.

In the recent time the government laid a four kilometers road (with 3 lines) secretly through a contractor Rakesh Sarma with hundreds of laborers at extreme speed. SP sent a message to the police stations to survey the pukka roads in the interior areas and send the information. They are taking up measures to lay roads through the BRO/Police on war basis. Four buses are running between Madded and Avapelli this summer. We stopped these buses and the police are serious about running these buses.

They are planning to use the buses to travel with people as cover and make offensive actions on our squads.

One interesting fact came to our notice in the process of investigation. Insurance organizations developed like mushrooms. There is more than one reason. There is a surplus in our area of movement because of increase of production to some extent. The second reason is the increasing insurance organizations due to privatization. People are made to take various kinds of policies. Teacher, doctors, insurance agents have become policy agents. The teachers threaten that they would not teach the children if they do not take policies. One agent could acquire one thousand policies in three months and developed as a field officer. This reveals the extent of the program. Government tries to establish its mechanism in various forms. It is necessary to fight back the LIC policies of the government by adopting proper tactics.

There are serious attempts to implement the LIC policies implemented in AP and in Chathisgarh too. The coordination between AP, Chathisgarh, Orissa and Maharashtra is going on in an active pace. AP takes the initiative. The AP police are developing their network in Chathisgarh. They are gathering information about the families that came to Chathisgarh from AP 15 years back. They are sending CIDs in the guise of mad persons. They are trying to lure those going to AP for labor work. Some persons are collecting information from the forest villages in the guise of RMP doctors, goat traders and herb traders. The intensity of the situation can be understood from the leak of information in the National Park area on the occasion of MOPOS camp. The AP police gathered the information and sent it to the Chathisgarh police. Our Party and the PGA did not yet understand the preparations of the government and LIC policies. There is a casual atmosphere in squads and the committees. We have to bring a lot of change in the method of functioning of the committees. The present methods followed by the committees will only lead us to losses.

 

 

III
Consolidation

 

"We formed 21 RPC, 14 GPC in the Education and Consolidation campaign in the guerilla bases. We conducted meetings of mass organizations, village level meetings and RC conferences and took measures to strengthen the mass organizations.

"If we observe the activities of the government departments, we see that forest department works are rarely seen in the guerilla bases. The revenue department stopped its collections almost a decade back in the interior villages. They are summoning the people of roadside villages to the block centers and the tahsil centers and are trying to collect land taxes. Kotwal system is totally destroyed. The informer network is almost eliminated. Twenty three panchayats came to a stand still (there are 30 village panchayats in this GB). We could control majority of the landlords and hierarchs. We gradually increased our mass base and organizational strength and took up welfare and development activities under the leadership of the Party"

  • from the report of the plenum of South Bastar in 2003.

The efforts for consolidation in the GBs was well reported. The consolidation after the conference was like this.

The old GRC were reconstructed as RPC and new RPC formed. There are subcommittees under these RPC and they are working. Militia, Vikaas committee, Cultural committees, Davvai (medicine) Committees are working actively. Many recruited in militia and participated in various actions. More than one thousand militia members participated in the harassment actions against the enemy in the recent assembly elections. The militia is protecting the squad. The militia was constantly with us day and night in batches with their bows and arrows and knifes. They did patrolling and sentries. This has become a normal feature for them.

CNM teams are formed in each and every village and are performing during nighttime. They have prior training. Five to seven members are active in these teams. The programs are going on with a good spirit and tempo. People watch these programs daily. Women are also trained. The Vikaas Committees plan by themselves and are taking up works.

After the plenum in 2003, an AC was formed for GB in Pamed area. A special AC was formed for the guerilla base. Two new LGS were formed in the division. They are strengthening in the Gollapalli (AP) area. DAKMS is formed in many RPC in the RPC level (when the RPC level organization was formed the village level organizations continued but dissolved their committees). The AC thought that the RPC level committee would conduct the general body meetings.

The political consciousness increased. The people of RPC are developing politically to an extent. There is improvement in their functioning. Some RPC are conducting meetings by themselves. But some of the village Sanghs are more influenced than the RPC. The RPC are yet to become active. Anyway this is not primary (I included the organization charts).

It is very important to educate the party in political and theoretical matters in the organization of guerilla bases. Our efforts are only normal in this regard. We are not thinking about imparting specific education.

  1. People tasted the experience of power in their own villages. They specifically understood that the power in the surrounding villages is also in the similar manner. The RPC practically understood that we have to develop power, increase recruitment and retaliate the enemy in this method. They did not receive a specific class analysis regarding the unity of four classes and so they do not have a specific class understanding. Without understanding the role of the United Front of the four classes one cannot understand the issue of political power. We must more specifically explain the strength of the enemy, our strength and the line of protracted war.
  2. People do not have illusions on the Parliament and Assembly bourgeois elections. We do not see much influence of the political parties in the interior villages.
  3. They understand the state as per their experience. A section of advanced elements are ready to fight against the state in a militant manner.
  4. We must explain the conspiracies of the government and the landlords against the revolutionary movement. It is necessary to explain the various changes in the political field and the social changes to the people regularly. Discussion of political changes in the country do not find a place in either our Party propaganda or in the education of the Sangh leadership to the masses. The speeches only comprise of the problems the masses are facing or about the exploitation of the exploiters and the necessity to solve the same. But the changes in the political forces in the world and in the country are not mentioned. The challenges faced by the revolutionary movement should be overcome and must have an understanding on the tactics to be adopted to advance the movement.
  5. It is necessary to provide education about the daily economic problems the people are facing and the specific role of the government. People are participating in various political struggles. Demonstrations are taking place. The masses understand to some extent. But they are yet to understand the changes in the politics and the role of the government.
  6. Leadership needs more initiative in class struggle. The leadership is not prepared for severe struggles against the feudal classes in the villages. They are postponing the struggles. It is because they feel they would displease the hierarchs and will lose some of their personal works. Recruitment is also not considerable.

Around 10-15 per cent in the villages comprising the landlords, hierarchs and some in the families of the rich people are against the movement. Five per cent comprise the lumpen section (it is more in dorla tribe). Backward section constitutes 25 per cent. Sixty per cent of the people are participating in the movement as the middle and advanced section. The Party is strong among the masses but the recruitment is not on par with it. But it is seen locally. They are quite militant.

 

Second issue is organizing the organizations and developing the functioning

  1. In GB areas there are about 150 PMs and more than 25 candidate members. Most of them became members in the recruitment campaign. Later they were imparted education in the Education Campaign. It is necessary to concentrate on them and educate about theoretical and political issues. We have to observe the class composition of the Party members and their practice. We have to identify the vacillation in class struggle and educate them. We have to filter those who are a hurdle to class struggle. Some of the Party members holding the leadership responsibilities in the Sangh and the RPC are stealthily securing reform programs from the government and using it for selfish reasons. They are standing in the way of the class struggle in the villages. The Party organization must be cleansed in the furnace of class struggle. We must explain the changes in the area in Marxist methodology and also tell them how the present changes are going to turn. We must teach them the way to adopt tactics accordingly. Unless we take up the theoretical and political education on specific issues, it is impossible to advance the movement. Strengthening Party organization would be one main task.
  2. Functioning of RPC (report of 2 RPCs) - We formed new RPC without reviewing the old GRC. A review of two RPCs revealed that the presidents are experienced for the past five years. Members are changing.
  3. RPC is conducting meetings by itself. It is making decisions on the problems in the village and implementing the programs of the Party.

    The presidents of the defense committee left due to different reasons. So the work of the committee suffered.

    Education and Cultural committee was formed and CNM units were organized. But the education committees are not functioning. Two schools are running in the area. The medical committees are functioning in a moderate way.

    The Jangal Bachao Committee is increasing surveillance on those cutting trees. People feel forest must be cut whenever necessary. The rich and the landlord classes are cutting the forest with some or the other pretext and taking up agriculture.

    The Vikaas Committees are functioning to some extent. Paddy, seeds, vegetable seeds are distributed. Fish culture is developing. Doli and Pettum are being taken up. The RPC supplies seeds to the cooperative organizations. The Vikaas Committee does not have an understanding about the amount of paddy seeds with the cooperative organizations. So it is unable to adopt a method to distribute the same. Collective agriculture and cooperative organizations are working to some extent.

    The president does not have a direct role in the Panch Committee. He is merely holding a meeting before the Panch. He did not understand our method of functioning.

    When the RPCs were reconstructed meetings were not held in a detailed way and the AC did not have a specific plan.

    The CNM units were not linked to the RPC committee and were linked to the GPC/AC.

    Initially the defense committee was thought to be PRD and so PRD was not formed. Presently they have taken up.

    The meetings of the organizations are not taking place regularly at times.

    It was decided to form branch committees with five members and there are six including the president.

    It is necessary that the RPC coordinates its sub committees and activate them. They have to remove the inactive members and co-opt new members. It is necessary to check their works and review it more and more. The meetings of subcommittees are not held as like the RPC. The subcommittees are functioning with the initiative of the RPC members who are the leaders of the subcommittee.

  4. When mass organizations are formed in RPC level one member of the GPC must take the responsibility and then the work will be coordinated well. We have to develop such Party members from the mass organizations. Presently it was resolved to form GPC with not more than 5 members (it was decided to increase the number after developing the functioning). Party members are not being allotted to the mass organizations from the GPC. Normally the responsible persons of the RPC, PRD and the Cells are amounting to five. So it is necessary to increase the number of GPC. The number of cells in the jurisdiction of GPC is also increasing. In such a situation it is difficult to increase the number of GPC according to the number of cells. In view of our present capacity we decided functioning would be a problem if we form more than five cells. In this background it would be better if we form Party branches in order to increase the number of Party members. In ‘P’ village there are 19 members in 5 cells and 4 members in one candidate cell. The number is further increasing. So the SZC must discuss the problems in Party organizations and show a way out.
  5. Concentrating on the big and roadside villages in the GB periphery area and organizing the petty bourgeois section – Our GB areas are in isolated, backward areas but they are not unrelated with the bourgeois, feudal government administration. They even have the indirect influence of the imperialists. We have to keep in mind the changes in the people’s lives in the guerilla base the changes in the periphery, the classes and the various sections that are formulated and the bourgeois petty bourgeois influences on these classes and the influence of the feudal and tribal traditions.
  6. When we see how many times the central and the state governments are stronger than us we understand how capable we should be. For a long time we have been trying to organise the big villages and the center villages on the roadside, towns with block and tahsils and the various non-peasant sections in the area. Efforts are going on. Squads are going to the villages in the periphery and also to the centers where there are police stations. Some PRs were allotted to the student field and work started. But our efforts are still weak.

    Our cadres instantly develop a complex regarding petty bourgeois section. We have to educate them and impart direct training. The DvC must mainly take up this program.

    In addition to consolidation we also have to take up work in the guerilla base until one year as the main task. Only then we will be able to face the enemy offensive and organise the guerilla base.

    It will be very helpful if we develop strength among the petty bourgeois class. The petty bourgeois class (students, teachers, employees and contractors among the adivasis) is just developing and will bring forth the aspirations of the nation along with their demands. They will also bring forth the sectional commands. We have to not only extend our support to their demands but also provide leadership. We will be able to mobilize them with the democratic United Front of the four classes and total cooperative participation. So we have to start with organizational efforts. We can start work among the students. Certain amount of work is already going on. Students in adivasi areas have very severe problems. We have to study these problems, formulate demands and prepare the students for struggles. The problem of salaries for teachers is becoming serious day by day. We have to study them regularly and take part in the struggle. We have to maintain relations with the small contractors helpful to the revolutionary movement by assigning them a little work. We can thus strengthen the guerilla bases by attracting the petty bourgeois and the contractors. We are unable to run schools in the RPC due to lack of teachers. It is a fact that there are only two primary schools in South Bastar. The petty bourgeois class contributes to develop education, intelligence and to muster support to the urban masses. They can also contribute as organizers, doctors, mechanics and other such ways. So we have to consider the task very important and make the necessary efforts.

    After a discussion in the DC we identified 140 persons other than the peasants with whom we have strong relations. There are enough opportunities to organise them if only we concentrated. In this regard we resolved to develop PRs. But there are no PRs in the guerilla base areas. There are many senior PMs and Sangh leaders in our organization. But they are not prepared to work as PRs. This means that our movement is facing stagnation in one aspect. Those working actively in the villages must be prepared to work fulltime. If they are not prepared it means that their consciousness is not increasing. Such elements gradually become inactive. So the respective organizations must make efforts to develop PRs. We have to study why they are not prepared to work as PRs and solve the situation. Perhaps they say they are married with children. But this is not the actual problem. We have to see it as the problem of their consciousness. We have to solve their personal problems on time and give the responsibility to the people in the village. The DC decided to develop 14 PRs and the target must be fulfilled.

  7. There is a limitation to the AC leadership in our Party. The organizations and tasks in the villages have increased. So we decided to assign the responsibility of 5 RPC to one ACM. This will attain good results. Two centers of this area were organized in such a manner and they are able to guide the organizations in a fast pace. We must immediately implement this method in the guerilla bases. If our armed forces (SGS) increase we will be able to function the ACMs with minimum protection. We must also allot ACMs for various fields like agriculture, cultural, defense, women and political power. So it is necessary to increase the number of ACMs to 7. In order to reach this target we have to enhance specific effort in this regard. We must take up the efforts immediately in the guerilla base areas and fulfill it. At present 10 ACMs are LGS commanders. Total 20 ACMs are looking after various fields. Two of them may be promoted as LGS commanders.
  8. The number of DC members is not at all enough to fulfill the tasks of the district movement. Four more DCMs are necessary. One for leading the guerilla base, one for the non-peasant sections, one for expansion and one more for the work division of the present ACs (whether we can allot or not is a different issue). When compared to the tasks, the number is less and the DCS is unable to concentrate on the AC work division since she is also the SZCM. One DCM is looking after 2 ACs and the command. Due to the work in the guerilla bases the DC is concentrating here. So the work in the non-peasant section, the study and the study of social changes, coordination and planning are suffering. They are unable to concentrate on political issues. They are unable to achieve unity in organizational issues. The DCMs followed different methods of organization in the consolidation campaign. The DC method of functioning became a routine and is lagging behind in discussing specifically, the main problems in the movement, how to concentrate on them and the problems being faced. They are unable to concentrate accordingly (Work in the non-peasant section, social changes, LIC, propaganda, lack of political work are some examples).

 

 

IV
Development activities

 

The report of the developmental activities in 5 villages under RPC is like this. The paddy seeds in stock with the cooperative organizations were not sufficient. So the development committee took Rs.900 from the RPC, bought around 13 ‘kandis’ (2600 kilos) of paddy and distributed to those who do not have seeds. The seeds were distributed to nearly 20 families in five villages on the basis of interest. Most of them wanted seeds for dry crops (chelaka) but the seeds were for wet crops (kunta). So many people did not take the seeds. The rest of them were taken during famine for food. It was decided to give the seeds to the necessary irrespective of class basis. But in practice only poor people took them.

Ten kinds of vegetable seeds worth Rs.3500 were distributed to every house in five villages. Seeds were planted in heavy rains and so the initially planted seeds and the saplings were drowned. Those who planted later got the crop. Some of the vegetable crop is kept aside for the seeds and some are sold in the shanty. Raising vegetables in the villages increased. Twenty kilos of gram (kandi, dal) seeds were distributed but they did not get the crop. The gram crop has suffered throughout the area.

Fish culture – It was decided to collect certain amount of money for each family. They did not plan to give money on behalf of the RPC. Two villages out of the five raised fish in the ponds collectively. One village did it individually without joining the collective. In another village, though they thought of doing it collectively people did not attend. So they had to do it individually. Yet another village also did it individually.

The village where the people were not willing to join the collective, planted the seeds in area belonging to the landlord since they did not have a collective area for the work. In villages where the seeds were planted collectively, Rs.20 was collected from each family (amounting to Rs.1740).

In another village Rs.10 was collected and Rs.1500 was added from the collective money, that amounted to a total of Rs.2000.

In yet another village in addition to collection of Rs.30, Rs.1650 were added from the village collective. In one more village while Rs.50 per each was collected, some families did not give. The amount totaled to Rs.2000 and the RPC gave Rs.800.

In one village where collective work was done some of the crop was sold and the rest distributed. One village distributed the whole crop and decided to collect money the next year. In one village they felt the total fish must be sold. The landlord whose area was used was not given any payment.

Collective agriculture – There were three collective dry crop fields and seeds were not planted in one of them since there was no sufficient water. In one of them 80 kilos were planted but only 1200 kilos returned because the crop was spoilt. While three peasants were asked to take up the third wet crop field only one of them did it. One more did not till, fearing the owner landlord of the field. The 120 kilos yield was sold and the money kept for the collective.

In another village two wet crop fields were taken up collectively. The yield was four ‘puts’. One part of it was sold while one was taken as interest for capital and some were kept for the collective. It was resolved to keep aside some seeds. In two more villages 22 ‘kandis’ (around 440 kilos) were obtained. The peasants decided to keep it aside with the collective instead of putting it under the RPC. The development committee is not clear why the paddy seeds were with the cooperative organization. So it is unable to estimate the needs of individuals.

Davvayi (Medicine) committees – This committee is continuously distributing medicines. Medicines worth Rs.3000 were brought. Five persons in the RPC were trained from our doctor in the davvayi committee to give injections.

Rs.10 is collected per injection. Perhaps this is depriving the poor of treatment. They will have to go to the ‘vadde’ (the traditional village doctor). The Vaddes are not coming in the way of our treatment. But people are approaching him before coming to us for treatment.

People are still with the thought of the old mode of production of cutting the forest and take up production or take up agriculture in fields for wet crops. Anyway with mutual cooperation in the developmental activities ‘pettum’ and leveling lands were taken up. Few check dams and ponds were built. A hundred new ponds were built and agricultural work taken up. Vegetable growing increased. Though there are some shortcomings in our leadership, we achieved certain improvement in the people’s cooperation and in production. Land is divided into many small parts and is scattered. So the crops are mainly rain dependent. So the production is very less and is able to fulfill the necessities of the people to certain limits. The surplus is very less. People are suffering during famines. Due to the method of tilling in the midst of the wet crop fields, they are unable to use water in a regular manner. Party must make efforts to change this method. Despite Party’s efforts in a few places people are unwilling to change it. If the area under the pond is developed and results achieved people might follow the new method. Education is also necessary. In villages like Sakileru they built a nice pond and made lands. But canals and drains were not built. Land was not leveled. So the peasants are unable to use it in a full-fledged way. Since we had good rains this year the rain dependent crop came up well. But the water in the ponds was wasted. The drain overflowed and the water that is to be stored was also wasted. The Party must concentrate more on such issues and take the help of engineers and technicians. The peasants will be prepared to take up the new method only if we develop irrigation.

Rice mills and multipurpose oil engines were established in nearly ten places but they did not come into practice and were spoilt. This is due to the condition of the peasants and technical reasons. We do not have the technical mechanism to bring them to use. We cannot run such things without related technicians. Rice mills are necessary to develop agriculture. If women are to participate in agriculture in a better way, they have to be liberated from the grinding work. The oil engines are necessary to use the water in canals and ponds. All these are necessary in developing production. So we have to increase our efforts. PVACs must be developed. We also need technician comrades. We are already aware that in the present conditions development of agriculture is very much necessary in our guerilla bases. We should also develop the agricultural industries. We must study, formulate a plan and try to implement it. Presently there is one PVAC in four RPC areas. One ACM is leading them. He has certain limitations. Their method of functioning is fairly good. But PRs are necessary for the work. It is difficult to get the decisions implemented without PRs.

One question came forth. We formed PVACs in the past to coordinate the village vikaas committees. Now since we formed RPC it is coordinating these committees. So we have to discuss the changes to be brought in the related tasks.

 

 

V

 

Government is taking up 30 kinds of reforms under the leadership of panchayats. Party is opposing many of them. The panchayat administration is not running well in our nucleus areas. In the RPCs of the present survey there are very few government programs. In areas of our strong hold, the sarpanches are namesake. The sachivs are in the block headquarters and are running the matters with their signatures. Some personal and collective works are going on. In Elmagonda village money was sanctioned for laying a pond. The sarpanch used it for his purpose. The peasants got hold of it under the leadership of the sangh and are using it collectively. Land was distributed and there was severe class struggle in our nucleus areas. So the sarpanch system became nominal and the government reforms do not have much place. Anyway the concerned sachiv could implement government reforms in two to three RPC areas in Gollapalli area. He could deceive the masses because of the weakness of our organizations.

People in the rest of the district feel the reforms would be of help. While the poor and the middle peasants feel so, the rich and the landlord classes strongly wish to use the reforms and develop economically and politically. They are not coming forward only because the Party is opposing them. People are leaning towards reforms because of lack of knowledge about the losses out of it and because of lack of political enlightenment. This situation occurs in the big and the roadside villages in our periphery. This tendency is increasing. The government is taking up roads and other activities and is implementing personal reforms. So the impact of reforms might increase in a strong way.

We must educate the masses politically and convince the people about the reforms being implemented as a part of LIC and stop them (school and hospital are to be excluded). In guerilla zone areas where reforms are forcibly stopped, there is opposition among the people to a certain extent. So we have to follow the method of enlightening the masses and convincing them. If the people strongly wish reforms, we will have to inevitably allow them. Anyway we will have to stop them in the guerilla base areas. This is the policy we are implementing.

We are going forward with the scheme of building guerilla bases and making Dandakaranya a liberated area. So we have to adopt proper tactics on reforms, develop political consciousness among the masses mobilize them in alternate development activities, intensify People’s War and develop political power. Thus we will be able to see that the masses will not fall under the influence of the reactionary development of the government reforms and can take them forward.

 

 

VI
Our present tactics

 

People are participating in the struggle for political power in thousands. They do not know about the modern state and its potentiality. They are fighting against the bourgeois state and are making all attempts to concentrate the available political power in their hands. The impact of bourgeois government and its domination is nominal. They are running political power to the extent achieved for the past eight years. They are strongly determined to develop the political power. On the other hand the hierarchs, landlords and the religious traditional heads are also trying. People are smashing these conspiracies and are standing in the class struggle. There is a development in organizing people in the areas. Organizations are developed. People are increasingly becoming armed. Though a section of the people are vacillating advanced forces are also developing. In order to raise more enthusiasm among the revolutionary masses, develop them in an active manner, to fight back the enemy repression, to fight the reforms and advance the class struggle, we have to develop the present political power a step further. If we do not fulfill this task the movement will undergo stagnation and the impact of reforms will increase. There will be splits among the people. Reactionary ideas will dominate. Since RPCs are being formed and are functioning it is no more possible to function them individually. There must be another organization to guide the RPCs.

People will become more enthusiastic only by building and developing political power under the basis of freedom, democracy and land to the people. Only then they will be able to understand political power in practice. They will learn to build People’s army and United Front. So we have to build RPC in the guerilla base level, declare a constitution and propagate the tasks. We have to hold elections and strengthen the four classes power under the basis of agricultural labor and poor peasant class. This is the essence of the tactics evolved in the present condition.

Throughout Dandakaranya, we have to take up these tactics in areas where the RPCs are organized and political power was formed in selected guerilla bases.

In order to sustain the political power, we have to develop the on going guerilla war into a mobile war. In order to start the mobile war, we have to take up higher military formation. We have to enhance the political organizational level of the guerilla squads. We have to increase the weaponry and military skill. Tactics and discipline are to be implemented. Communication equipment must be arranged. We have to strengthen horizontal military organizations simultaneously with the higher formation. The problem of leadership forces comes forward to fulfill these tasks. We must overcome this problem with a concrete plan.

We must take up the development of agriculture and production as the main political task. It is necessary to fulfill this task in order to develop the guerilla war. People will participate in guerilla war actively only if we solve their basic problems. By enhancing production, we will be able to solve the problem of food to guerillas. By developing agriculture collectively class struggle will develop and we will be able to face the government reforms efficiently. Though our political power is in a fundamental stage this shall be a model to the political power to be formed countrywide. Naturally all the people in the country, mainly the petty bourgeois, national bourgeois will observe the development going on under the leadership of our Party. It is necessary to form a New Democratic Economic system that is different from the Imperialists, Big Bourgeois and the feudal class. It is necessary to show it as an illuminating light to the people of the country. So we have to make serious specific efforts in this regard and find new methods.

We have to develop irrigation, develop ‘sendriya’ fertilizers, small agricultural industries (oil, kanuga or castor oil, production of electricity, soaps, poha, putnalu and other such things). We have to develop paper manufacture and rice mills with forest produce. We have to develop vegetables and fish. We have to sell treasury bonds for the capital for people to develop agriculture and agriculture based small industries. This development is not possible with the local adivasi people. We need persons from areas where agriculture is developed. We need the help of engineers. Few Bengali families are ready to run business and rice mills in our guerilla base areas. Due to their vacillation we are not allowing them to come into our guerilla bases. However we have to bring a few persons from outside, keep them under our control and provide a condition so that they continue their business without any suspicion. Otherwise it is difficult to develop the above work. Party must concentrate and send one or two engineers. They could guide and train the local people about building ponds and canals and other developmental activities. We must not postpone this and must develop it right from now.

We cannot separate political power, war and production. Revolutionary movement will advance by coordinating these three. But the enemy is taking the movement in DK as its main target, preparing for suppression and is concentrating. So fighting back enemy repression will be our main task. The present condition is creating a great historical opportunity to develop the movement to a qualitative level. If we adopt proper tactics and work with initiative we will be able to provide new experiences to the Indian revolution.

There is one more important factor. We know that the guerilla bases will be very unstable regarding the strength of the enemy and us. Mainly there is a difference in sustaining repression in the guerilla bases in areas of unfavorable terrain and areas of favorable terrain. So to sustain the movement in severe repression in this area of plain forest we have to take up expansion to ‘G’ starting from now.

Favorable factors

  1. We are enhancing the mass base in this area for a long time. Revolutionary land reforms were done and organizations of political power are developing from the lower level. The mass organizations and Party organization are strong.
  2. When there is severe repression we can expand to ‘G’ area.
  3. The area is in the border of the state and cannot take up concrete offensive unless coordinated with AP-OS states.
  4. The local Party, people, local armed forces are gaining experience in facing the enemy offensive.
  5. We have opportunities to develop our subjective forces and leadership.
  6. Two guerilla bases are side by side and the area is spread. The GBs are contiguous. Thus the main forces can move around.

Unfavorable factors

  1. The forest is plain.
  2. It is distant from the central base.
  3. It is weak in the borders.
  4. It is weak in the North East too. The enemy is concentrating from this direction.

Cells

   

Women

Men

Total members

Gollapalli

8

2

24

26

Elmagonda

13

5

43

48

Palachelima

14

9

35

44

Kishtaram AC

35

16

102

118

 

Candidate Cells

 

Candidate cells

women

men

Total members

Gollapalli

6

6

19

25

Elmagonda

6

5

13

18

Palachelima

5

2

12

14

Kishtaram AC

17

13

45

58

 

Village party committees

LGS

Number

women

men

Total PMs

Gollapalli LGS

2

1

7

8

ElmagondaLGS

5

-

18

18

Palachelima

2

3

7

10

Kishtaramarea

9

4

32

36

Note: Regarding PMs: there are totally 151 PMs in the GPC, Cells and the Candidate cells. (the GPCMs are also the secretaries of cells. So they are included in the cells date. So the total number of PMs were counted). Total candidate members - 28

 

GRDs

 

GRDs

women

men

Total PMs

gollapalli

14

2

86

88

Elmagonda

14

 

88

88

Palachelima

17

17

139

156

Kishtaram AC

45

19

313

332

 

Village level mass organisations

LGS

DAKMS committees

Members in the committee

Members in the Sangh

Total number

KAMS committees

Members in the committes

Members of Sangh

Total number

gollapalli

50

250

651

901

50

250

661

911

RC-2= 7

Elmagonda

24

120

34

460

24

120

245

365

Palachelima

23

115

345

460

23

115

285

400

Kishtaram AC

97

485

1336

2722

97

485

1191

1676

 

PRDs

 

PRDs

women

men

Total PMs

gollapalli

4

ARD-1

-

-

-

-

37

9

elmagonda

2

-

15

15

palachelima

5

7

39

46

Kishtaram AC

13

7

54

107

 

PVACs

area

villages

Committee members

women

men

tettem

13

5

-

5

 

RPCs

 

Number of RPC

women

men

Total PMs

sub

committees

women

men

Total PMs

gollapalli

5

7

28

35

30

11

109

120

elmagonda

5

10

25

35

30

14

103

117

palachelima

6

8

36

42

36

13

135

148

Kishtaram AC

16

25

89

112

126

38

347

35

 

RPC level mass organisations

LGS

DAKMS

members

KAMS

members

gollapalli

5

31

5

31

elmagonda

6

35

6

35

palachelima

6

42

6

42

Kishtaram AC

17

108

17

139

 

ABS

LGS

ABS

women

men

Total PMs

gollapalli

14

-

109

109

elmagonda

21

-

104

104

palachelima

9

-

53

53

Kishtaram AC

44

-

266

266

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 
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