| |
SOUTH ASIA INTELLIGENCE REVIEW
Weekly Assessments & Briefings
Volume 15, No. 12, September 19, 2016
Data and
assessments from SAIR can be freely published in any form
with credit to the South Asia Intelligence Review of the
South Asia Terrorism Portal
|
J&K:
The Tragedy of Complacence
Ajit
Kumar Singh
Research Fellow, Institute for Conflict Management
In the
worst ever attack in terms of fatalities of Army personnel
since terrorism began in the Indian state of Jammu and
Kashmir (J&K) in 1988, at least 17 Army personnel were
killed and another 19 were injured when terrorists stormed
the administrative base of one of the units of the Indian
Army near the Line of Control (LoC) in the Uri town of
Baramulla District at around 5:30 am IST on September
18, 2016. Four terrorists involved in the attack were
also killed.
Director
General of Military Operations (DGMO) Lt. Gen. Ranbir
Singh in an official statement on the Uri attack stated,
A group of heavily armed terrorists opened fire
on an administrative base of one of the units of
Indian Army at Uri in Kashmir at approximately 0530
hours this morning. The firefight between the terrorists
and Army personnel continued till approximately
0830 hours, during which four terrorists have been
killed. All four killed were foreign terrorists
and had some items with them which had Pakistan
makings. Initial reports indicate that the slain
terrorists belong to Jaish-e-Mohammad [JeM] tanzeem...
The terrorists fired incendiary ammunition along
with automatic fire of small arms that led to army
tents/ temporary shelters catching fire. The tents
located in the complex were to house additional
troops inducted due to routine turnover of units.
There have been a total of 17 Army fatal casualties.
Of these, 13-14 casualties have been due to these
tents/shelters having caught fire...
|
On December
5, 2014, Uri had witnessed a similar attack, when a group
of heavily armed terrorists had stormed into the Army's
31 Field Regiment Ordinance Camp located at Mohra in the
Uri Sector. During the intense operations, one Lieutenant
Colonel and seven soldiers of the Army; one Assistant
Sub Inspector and two constables of the Jammu and Kashmir
Police; were killed. Six terrorists were also killed in
the operation.
However,
the previous worst attack, in terms of fatalities among
Army personnel, had taken place on June 28, 2003, when
two fidayeen (suicide squad) terrorists had attacked
an Army installation at the Dogra Regiment camp in Sunjwan,
on the outskirts of Jammu city, killing 12 soldiers and
injuring seven others, including a Lieutenant, before
being killed by the troops.
Almost
a year earlier, on May 14, 2002, at least 31 persons,
including three Army personnel, 18 family members of Army
personnel, and 10 civilians, were killed and another 47
persons, including 12 Army personnel, 20 Army family members
and 15 civilians were injured, in a terrorist attack targeting
an Army Unit at Kaluchak in Jammu District. All the three
Pakistani terrorists involved in the attack were also
killed in this incident. This is so far the worst ever
attack in terms of fatalities targeting an Army facility
recorded in the State since 1988.
The worst
ever attack involving deaths of Security Force (SF) personnel,
was recorded on May 23, 2004, when at least 30 persons,
including 19 Border Security Force (BSF) personnel, six
women and five children, were killed in an Improvised
Explosive Device (IED) explosion at Lower Munda, near
Qazigund, on the Srinagar-Jammu highway. The worst ever
attack targeting the J&K Police was recorded on March
2, 2001, when 15 police personnel and two civilians were
killed in an ambush at Morha Chatru in Rajouri District.
According
to partial data compiled by the South Asia Terrorism
Portal (SATP), J&K has registered at least
6,250 deaths among SFs since 1988 [data till September
18, 2016]. 64 of these deaths [including September 18,
2016, fatalities] have been recorded in the current year,
thus far. This is the highest number of fatalities among
SFs recorded in the State during a year since 2010, when
this number stood at 69.
Since 1988,
J&K has recorded at least 36 attacks targeting the
SFs which have resulted in five or more fatalities among
SFs. Seven of these attacks (including the September 18,
2016, attack) have resulted in 10 or more fatalities among
SFs.
Thus, despite
being the worst attack in terms of Army personnel killed
in a single attack, the September 18, 2016, attack is
not unique and is, indeed, part of a continuous chain
of such attacks over the past over two and a half decades.
In recent years, these have included the September 26,
2013, attacks at Kathua (six fatalities) and Samba (seven
fatalities); the November 27, 2014, Arnia Sector attack
(12 fatalities); the December 5, 2014, Uri Sector attack
(17 fatalities); the March 20, 2015, Kathua attack (seven
fatalities); and the August 5, 2015, Udhampur attack (three
fatalities). Further, the attacks at the Dinanagar
Police Station on July 27, 2015 and
the Pathankot
Airbase on January 2, 2016, both in
the neighbouring state of Punjab, were part of the same
stream.
Unfortunately,
the Indian security and political establishment continues
to fail to learn from past mistakes, despite the long
history of sustained Pakistani malfeasance in J&K
and its efforts to take terrorism beyond this State.
The political
responses to the latest outrage in Uri remain trapped
in boastful absurdities and pat formulae referring to
‘dastardly deeds’, ‘cowardly attacks’ and promises of
a ‘befitting reply’. Within this farcical paradigm the
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi stated, perhaps appropriately,
in a Tweet, underlining the frivolity of approach, “We
strongly condemn the cowardly terror attack in Uri. I
assure the nation that those behind this despicable attack
will not go unpunished." Similarly, Union Home Minister
Rajnath Singh in a series of tweets said, "Pakistan
is a terrorist state and it should be identified and isolated
as such... I am deeply disappointed with Pakistan’s continued
and direct support to terrorism and terrorist groups."
On the
other hand, as in the wake of past major terrorist attacks
by Pakistan backed terrorism, a virtual Tsunami of jingoism
has been unleashed, with “experts”, including a battery
of retired Generals, baying for ‘surgical strikes’, ‘overwhelming
responses’ and, exacting, for a “single tooth, the whole
jaw”. No effort is made to reconcile any of this with
an assessment of capacities or capabilities; or with the
dynamic of retaliatory responses that would then be triggered.
Nor is there any appreciation of the fact that, in seventy
years of hostility and over three decades of Pakistani
support terrorism, India is yet to evolve any strategy
or policy consensus on how it is to deal with Islamabad
and its terrorist proxies. In the absence of a strategy
of sustainable response, all talk of retaliatory strikes
is mere posturing, a strutting and fretting that will
produce little or nothing.
The Uri
attack has exposed India’s vulnerabilities once again,
as it has clear evidence of negligence and complacency.
After the Pathankot Air Force Base attack, the Government
at the highest level had promised that there would be
a comprehensive review of security at military establishments
across the country. The fact that obvious vulnerabilities
in as sensitive a location as Uri, have remained unaddressed
indicates that this is another of the Government’s broken
promises.
The loss
of life in the Uri attack is tragic and is a blow to the
Army’s prestige and morale. But it is another opportunity
for the system to address the endemic policy lacunae that
have left us so completely susceptible to the machinations
of Pakistan’s intelligence apparatus and its proxies.
The more than two months of orchestrated
street violence that have afflicted
the Kashmir Valley, since the death of terrorist ‘commander’
Burhan Wani on July 8, 2016, demonstrate another dimension
of the loss of control and the lack of policy direction,
even as Pakistan uses every avenue of escalation available.
Significantly, Union Minister of State in the Ministry
Of Home Affairs Hansraj Gangaram Ahir informed the Rajya
Sabha on July 27, 2016, that there had been 90 attempts
of infiltration recorded from across the border in J&K
(till June 30, 2016) in which 54 terrorists succeeded
in infiltrating into Indian territory, adding to the 121
such attempts in 2015, with 33 terrorists succeeding in
their objective to move into the State.
Tremendous
gains in J&K, secured at great
cost in lives by the SFs over decades, are being frittered
away by a careless and short sighted political leaderships,
both at the Centre and in the States. Instead of evolving
a sustainable approach and policy to the challenge of
Pakistan backed terrorism and the management of domestic
dissent in J&K, these leaderships have chosen a fractious
and polarizing politics, appealing to their own divided
constituencies, for short term electoral gains. This has
destabilized J&K, instead of consolidating the relative
peace that has been recovered in the
State.
Declining
trends in terrorist violence also appear to have resulted
in a measure of complacency within the security establishment,
and there are several instances of a failure to act on
actionable intelligence provided by intelligence agencies
to the SFs, resulting in several successful terrorist
attacks, including the latest incident at Uri.
India has
established a long tradition of transforming SF successes
into political failures, and this appears to be the ongoing
trend in J&K. With the utter incoherence, confusion
and jingoism presently afflicting the country’s Pakistan
and Kashmir policy, there appears to be little hope of
any radical shift in the present and disastrous trajectory
of events. Unless a measure of political sagacity is restored,
things can only get worse in the near term.
|
Inexorable
Justice
Sanchita
Bhattacharya
Visiting Scholar, Institute for Conflict Management
On September
3, 2016, Bangladesh executed the 'chief financer' of Jammat-e-Islami
(JeI), Mir Quasem Ali, found guilty of War Crimes during
the 1971 Liberation War by the International Crimes Tribunal-2
(ICT-2). His execution took place at Gazipur District's
Kashimpur jail. Ali had been accused of involvement in
a "reign of terror" in the city of Chittagong
and was found guilty in eight of the 14 charges, including
the abduction and killing of teenage freedom fighter Jashim
Uddin Ahmed at the Dalim Hotel, one of Al-Badr’s torture
cells in Chittagong city. Apart from the hotel, Quasem
and his aides ran torture camps in Dowsta Mohammad Panjabee
Building and Salma Manzil in Chittagong city.
While upholding
Quasem's death penalty, the Chief Justice of Bangladesh,
S K Sinha, who was also heading the bench in the case,
observed that there was no doubt that Mir Quasem was the
'chief' of the Al-Badr unit in Chittagong. Al-Badr was
one of several vigilante militias of the then JeI students’
wing – the Islami Chhatra Sangha – formed to assist the
Pakistan Army in its campaign of genocide, rape, arson,
loot, and forced exile of Bengalis who supported the freedom
struggle.
Elaborating
on the dreadful acts of violence committed at Al-Badr's
Chittagong headquarter by Quasem, ICT-2, in its verdict
of November 2, 2015, observed:
The evidence presented proves it beyond reasonable
doubt that the harrowing dynamics of terror, violence,
torture impeccably demonstrate that the system of
cruelties and terror even transformed to brutal
murder of many detained civilians in the 'death
factory' of AB [Al-Badr] force headquartered at
Dalim Hotel... Accused Mir Quasem Ali had been in
steering position of the Al-Badr detention and torture
camp… The accused was an indispensable cog in the
'murdering machinery' implanted at Dalim Hotel."
|
Further,
upholding the lCT-2 verdict, the Supreme Court on March
8, 2016, noted:
The accused [Quasem] not only organised the force
at Chittagong, he had commanded the force and directly
participated in the perpetration of most barbarous
acts unknown to human civilization. He does not
deserve any leniency on the question of sentence
on consideration of the nature and gravity of offence.
|
Quasem,
did not seek Presidential pardon after the final petition
for a review of his death sentence before the Supreme
Court was rejected on August 30, 2016. Quasem was arrested
on June 17, 2012, from the office of Naya Diganta, a newspaper
of the Diganta Media Corporation, of which he was chairman.
ICT-2 sentenced him to death in 2014 after finding him
guilty on ten of 14 charges brought against him by the
prosecution. The judges sentenced Quasem to death on two
charges for killing Jashim, Ranjit Das and Tuntun Sen
at the Dalim Hotel. He was given total 72 years in prison
on eight other charges of torture, abduction and confinement.
Mir Quasem appealed to overturn the verdict while his
defence claimed he was in capital Dhaka when the atrocities
were committed. Later, the Supreme Court bench in March
2016 acquitted him of two charges including the killings
of Tuntun and Ranjit, resulting in the final verdict where
he was found guilty on eight of 14 charges.
Quasem
was elected a member of the Pakistan Chhatra Sangha’s
provincial working council and on November 6, 1971, became
the general secretary of its East Pakistan wing. Under
his command, local collaborators of the Pakistan Army
let loose a reign of terror to suppress the freedom struggle
in Chittagong.
Post independence,
and with the assassination of Mujibur Rahman, rightist
elements gradually regained their strength in Bangladeshi
politics, allowing Quasem to resurface. He became the
founding President of the Islami Chhatra Shibir, a rechristened
Chhatra Sangha, on February 6, 1977. He pumped billions
into JeI from the mid-1980s to put the radical Islamist
political formation on a firm financial footing in Bangladesh.
An executive council member of the Jamaat, he was a director
of the Islami Bank and chairman of the now-closed Diganta
Media Corporation. He was also a founder of Ibn Sina Trust
and director of the non-government organisation – Rabita
al-Alam al-Islami.
Quasem
is the sixth person to be executed by War Crimes Tribunal
since December 2013. Previously, Abdul
Quader Mollah, JeI Assistant Secretary
General; Ali
Ahsan Mohammad Mojahid, JeI Secretary
General; Muhammad
Kamaruzzaman, JeI Assistant Secretary
General; Salahuddin
Quader Chowdhury, BNP National Standing
Committee member; and Motiur
Rahman Nizami, JeI Chief, were executed
for crimes against humanity committed during the Liberation
War.
The Sheikh
Hasina Wajed led-Government constituted ICT-1 on March
25, 2010, with the objective of bringing the perpetrators
of War Crimes to justice. Subsequently, ICT-2 was established
on March 22, 2012, to speed up the War
Crimes Trials. So far, the two ICTs
have delivered 26 judgments. Fifty (50) persons have been
convicted and 28 of them sentenced to death for the crimes
they committed during the Liberation War.
Various
pro-liberation groups, including Gonojagoron Mancha, which
champions the demand for capital punishment for war criminals,
and the people of Chittagong hailed the execution. Even
so, in anticipation of possible protests, the Government
deployed thousands of extra Police and border guards in
the major cities of Bangladesh. Previous convictions and
executions by the war crimes tribunal have triggered violence
in which about 200 people, many of them members of Islamist
parties, were killed.
Unsurprisingly,
as before, Pakistan came out with a strong reaction against
the execution, remarking that Quasem was executed “for
the alleged crimes committed before December 1971, through
a flawed judicial process”. In protest, the Bangladesh
foreign office summoned the acting Pakistani High Commissioner,
Samina Mehtab. and deplored Islamabad’s statement as amounting
to “direct interference” in Bangladesh’s internal affairs.
Additional Foreign Secretary Kamrul Ahsan, who summoned
Mehtab, stated, “Pakistan’s statement is completely a
direct interference in Bangladesh's internal affairs.”
Dhaka further observed, “By openly siding with the Bangladesh
nationals convicted of crimes against humanity and genocide,
Pakistan once again acknowledged its direct involvement
and complicity in the mass atrocities committed during
Bangladesh’s Liberation War in 1971.” Significantly, Turkey
was the only other country to express “sorrow” over the
execution. Bangladesh protested, declaring: “Such reaction
over the execution of a war criminal is tantamount to
interference in matters pertaining to Bangladesh.”
Significantly,
Bangladesh is going through a time of violence and extremists
activities, with Islamist extremist trying to destabilize
the Awami League-led government and to disrupt the ongoing
war crimes trials. According to partial data collated
by the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), 97
persons, including 42 civilians, four Security Force (SF)
personnel and 51 terrorists have been killed from January-August,
2016. During the corresponding period, 33 persons were
killed, including 12 civilians and 21 terrorists (with
no SF fatality) in 2015; and 29 civilians, 9 SF and 22
terrorists, aggregating 60 persons killed in 2014. Moreover,
the unprecedented hostage incident of July 2, 2016 in
Holey
Artisan Bakery, in which 22 civilians
including 18 foreigners and six Bangladeshis were slaughtered
by a group claiming Daesh [Islamic State] affiliation,
underpins Bangladesh’s vulnerabilities. On July 9, 2016,
an unnamed Government official disclosed that more than
100 young persons in the age group of the terrorists who
attacked the Holey Artisan café had gone missing
since January 2015, and many of them are suspected to
joined terrorist formations in the country, or to have
travelled, or attempted to travel to Syria to join Daesh.
The commencement
of trials against War Crime perpetrators provided an opportunity,
once thought lost, to claim justice for millions of victims
of the genocide of 1971, and to establish truth that was
denied to the nation for 40 years. Bangladesh is currently
experiencing forceful cross-currents, with the ongoing
war crime trials and the activities of terrorist outfits
on its soil. The divergent pulls reflect the tension between
the idea behind the creation of Bangladesh, principally
based on ideologies of secularism and democracy, and their
constant abuse by a succession of regimes, both military
and political. The success of the war crime trials reiterates
the true idea behind the formation of Bangladesh.
|
Weekly Fatalities: Major
Conflicts in South Asia
September
12-18, 2016
|
Civilians
|
Security
Force Personnel
|
Terrorists/Insurgents
|
Total
|
BANGLADESH
|
|
Islamist Terrorism
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
INDIA
|
|
Jammu and
Kashmir
|
1
|
18
|
5
|
24
|
Manipur
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
Left-Wing
Extremism
|
|
Jharkhand
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
Odisha
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
Total (INDIA)
|
3
|
18
|
7
|
28
|
PAKISTAN
|
|
Balochistan
|
5
|
2
|
2
|
9
|
FATA
|
36
|
0
|
1
|
37
|
KP
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
3
|
Sindh
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
2
|
Total (PAKISTAN)
|
|
|
|
|
Provisional
data compiled from English language media sources.
|
BANGLADESH
Prime
Minister
asks
all
to
remain
alert
against
terrorism
and
militancy’:
Prime
Minister
Sheikh
Hasina
on
September
13
asked
all
to
remain
alert
against
terrorism
and
militancy.
"Bangladesh
has
got
its
independence
through
the
huge
blood
and
sacrifice
of
people,
including
youths,
farmers,
teachers,
women
and
freedom-loving
common
people.
Everybody
will
have
to
remain
alert
so
that
the
wheel
of
development
and
prosperity
cannot
be
stopped
by
any
evil
quarter…I'm
requesting
all
to
remain
vigil
against
terrorism
and
militancy,"
she
said.
Daily
Star,
September
16,
2016.
INDIA
17
Army
personnel
killed
in
fidayeen
attack
in
Jammu
and
Kashmir:
17
Army
personnel
were
killed
when
fidayeen
(suicide
squad)
militants
attacked
an
Army
infantry
battalion
in
Uri
area
in
Baramulla
District
on
September
18.
At
least
four
militants
were
also
killed
in
the
encounter.
Police
sources
said
the
fidayeen
militants
stormed
the
Army
camp
in
North
Kashmir's
Uri
town
near
the
Line
of
Control
(LoC)
around
4
a.m.
Some
of
the
equipment
carried
by
the
terrorists
who
attacked
Uri
Army
camp
on
September
18,
morning
had
Pakistani
markings
on
them,
said
Ranbir
Singh,
the
Director
General
of
Military
Operations
(DGMO).
Giving
details
of
the
attack
that
left
17
soldiers
martyred;
the
DGMO
also
said
that
initial
reports
of
probe
into
the
attack
suggest
that
all
of
them
were
foreign
terrorists
and
belonged
to
terror
outfit
Jaish-e-Mohammed
(JeM).
The Hindu;Times
of
India
September
18-19,
2016.
BRICS
nations
agree
to
counter
terror,
says
report:
The
National
Security
Advisors
of
the
five
BRICS
nations
(Brazil,
Russia,
India,
China
and
South
Africa)
met
on
September
15
in
a
run-up
to
the
BRICS
summit
next
month.
The
advisers
agreed
to
cooperate
to
deny
terrorists
access
to
finance
and
weapons
while
vowing
to
launch
joint
efforts
to
counter
terrorism
and
violent
extremism
emanating
from
the
West
Asia
and
North
African
region
(WANA).
First Post,
September
17,
2016.
India
raises
Pakistan's
human
rights
abuses
in
Balochistan
at
UN
human
rights
body:
India
on
September
14
raised
issue
of
human
rights
violations
perpetrated
by
Pakistan
in
Balochistan
at
the
United
Nations
Human
Rights
Council
(UNHRC).
India
also
took
aim
at
human
rights
violations
by
Pakistan's
politico-military
establishment
across
the
country,
including
Pakistan-occupied
Kashmir
(PoK).
"It
will
be
in
the
fitness
of
things
if
Pakistan
focuses
its
energies
on
improving
the
human
rights
situation
within
Pakistan
and
Pakistan-occupied
Kashmir,"
said
Ajit
Kumar
India's
Ambassador
and
Permanent
Representative
to
the
UN,
in
a
statement
at
the
33rd
Session
of
the
UNHRC
at
Geneva.
Times
of
India,
September
16,
2016.
22
persons
from
Kerala
have
already
joined
IS,
reveals
IS
recruit
Yasmin
Zaid:
Yasmin
Zaid,
the
radicalised
schoolteacher
from
Kerala
who
was
arrested
at
Delhi
airport
last
month
before
she
could
board
a
flight
to
Kabul
(Afghanistan)
in
her
attempt
to
join
Islamic
State
(IS),
has
told
the
National
Investigation
Agency
(NIA)
that
at
least
22
people
from
Kerala
had
left
India
between
May
and
July
this
year
to
join
the
terror
outfit.
Yasmin
told
the
interrogators
that
among
the
22
people,
six
were
women
and
three
infants,
and
all
of
them
exited
India
in
batches,
from
Bangalore
(Karnataka),
Hyderabad
(Telangana)
and
Mumbai
(Maharashtra).
Mumbai
Mirror,
September
14,
2016.
NEPAL
TRC
starts
preliminary
investigation
on
more
than
25,000
complaints:
Truth
and
Reconciliation
Commission
(TRC)
has
started
its
preliminary
investigation
on
more
than
25,000
complaints
among
the
53,016
complaints
it
has
received.
"The
staffers
at
the
commission
have
gone
through
more
than
25,000
complaints
so
far
and
categorized
them
as
per
the
crime.
While
looking
into
the
25,000
complaints,
the
staffers
have
presented
around
800
files
to
the
commission
to
decide
whether
to
put
them
on
hold
or
not,"
said
TRC
Commissioner
Shree
Krishna
Subedi.
My
Republica,
September
17,
2016.
Madhesi
leaders
threaten
to
withdraw
support
for
PM
Pushpa
Kamal
Dahal:
Madhes-based
parties
have
expressed
dissatisfaction
with
Prime
Minister
(PM)
Pushpa
Kamal
Dahal
over
the
delay
in
moving
forward
with
the
amendment
of
the
Constitution
while
some
of
their
leaders
even
threatened
to
withdraw
their
support
from
the
Government.
During
a
meeting
with
the
PM
on
September
14,
leaders
of
the
United
Democratic
Madhesi
Front
(UDMF)
and
the
Federal
Alliance
(FA)
expressed
dissatisfaction
over
the
PM
not
organizing
even
a
single
meeting
to
formally
discuss
the
matter
of
constitutional
amendment.
My
Republica,
September
15,
2016.
PAKISTAN
36
people
killed
in
a
suicide
attack
during
Friday
prayers
in
FATA:
A
suicide
bomber
killed
at
least
36
people
and
wounded
more
than
37
others
as
they
attended
Friday
prayers
at
a
mosque
in
Pekhan
Killay
area
of
Anbar
tehsil
(revenue
unit)
in
Mohmand
Agency
of
Federally
Administered
Tribal
Areas
(FATA)
on
September
16.
Jama'at-ul-Ahrar
(JuA),
breakaway
faction
of
Tehreek-e-Taliban
Pakistan
(TTP),
claimed
responsibility
of
the
attack.
Daily Times
,
September
17,
2016
Army
will
stay
in
FATA
until
complete
peace,
says
Army
Chief
General
Raheel
Sharif:
The
Chief
of
Army
Staff
(CoAS)
General
Raheel
Sharif
on
September
15
made
it
clear
that
the
Army
would
not
leave
the
Federally
Administrative
Tribal
Areas
(FATA)
without
bringing
peace,
completing
rehabilitation
and
transferring
administrative
control
to
an
institutionalised
mechanism.
He
was
addressing
the
elders
of
Bajaur
Agency
and
soldiers
during
his
visit
to
the
area.
Daily Times
,
September
16,
2016.
The South
Asia Intelligence Review (SAIR) is a weekly service that
brings you regular data, assessments and news briefs on
terrorism, insurgencies and sub-conventional warfare, on
counter-terrorism responses and policies, as well as on
related economic, political, and social issues, in the South
Asian region.
SAIR is a project
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and the
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Asia Terrorism Portal.
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