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SOUTH ASIA INTELLIGENCE REVIEW
Weekly Assessments & Briefings
Volume 15, No. 4, July 25, 2016

Data and assessments from SAIR can be freely published in any form with credit to the South Asia Intelligence Review of the
South Asia Terrorism Portal


ASSESSMENT

INDIA
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Bihar: Residual Risks
Deepak Kumar Nayak
Research Assistant, Institute for Conflict Management

On July 18, 2016, 10 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) personnel belonging to the Commando Battalion for Resolute Action (CoBRA) were killed and five others were injured in a Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist) orchestrated Improvised Explosive Device (IED) blast and encounter in the Chakarbanda-Dumarinala forests of Aurangabad District. Three Maoists were also killed in the encounter. Arms and ammunition, including an AK-47 rifle, Indian Small Arms System (INSAS) rifle and Under Barrel Grenade Launcher (UBGL), were also recovered from the encounter site. Commenting on the incident, Bihar Director General of Police (DGP) P.K. Thakur disclosed that eight paramilitary troopers were killed immediately and two of the five wounded died in a hospital.

In the preceding month, on June 19, 2016, a CRPF trooper, identified as A. Deka, was killed and two of his colleagues, identified as A.K. Yadav and K. Kakoti, were injured in an IED blast carried out by the Maoists near Bandhu Bigaha village in Aurangabad District. The Maoists triggered the blast when three personnel of the 205th CoBRA unit were riding on two motorcycles on their way to their camp from Bali Pahari locality.

Significantly, on January 11, 2016, while, commenting on the January 8, 2016, encounter in which four Maoists were killed in Bandh Gorya village under Dhibra Police Station area in Aurangabad District, the CPI-Maoist ‘central zonal spokesman,’ Paramjeet had threatened to avenge the killing. Later on, Maoists pamphlets found from Deo and Dhibra localities read:

"Char ka badla chalis se lenge, Operation Green Hunt band karo, comrade Bihari Yadav, Ratan Yadav, Devki Bhuiyan and Birendra Singh ko sat sat salaam." English translation - [We will take revenge, forty for four, stop Operation Green Hunt, salutations to comrade Bihari Yadav, Ratan Yadav, Devki Bhuiyan and Birendra Singh]

Preliminary investigation of the Aurangabad Maoist attack suggested that the ultras were well prepared for the incident. They had lured the Security Forces (SFs) to the area by telephonically passing on false information. They had also planted hundreds of IEDs in advance, orchestrating a total of 352 land mine blasts on the fateful day. Giving further details about the incident, a senior Police official stated that, initially, the operation was launched on July 17 to arrest Sandeep Yadav, a dreaded Maoist, facing over 80 cases in Bihar and Jharkhand. Later, the Superintendent of Police (SP), Aurangabad District, joined the CoBRA team on July 18 with a team of the District Police and another CoBRA unit. However, it has been learnt that the team was heavily dependent on Global Positioning System (GPS) positioning and feedback but did not take the help of local intelligence.

The Aurangabad incident will go a long way in denting the morale of the SF personnel not just in Bihar but across all theatres of Left Wing Extremist (LWE) conflict in India. The manner in which the Maoists planned and trapped the SFs speaks volume of the hold the ultras enjoy in the region. Aurangabad along with Gaya and Jamui has been the epicentre of Maoist-violence in Bihar.  

Aurangabad also finds place among the 35 worst Naxal (LWE) affected Districts in the country. The District’s geographical proximity with other Maoist affected Districts of the State and neighbouring Jharkhand makes it one of the preferred shelters for the Maoists in the region. Crucially, Jharkhand has 21 LWE affected Districts out of its total of 24 Districts.

In addition to these incidents of killing, the Maoists have also been involved in other violent activities in 2016, including abduction (one incident in which two persons were abducted), arson (seven incidents), bomb blasts (two occasions), attacks on railway property (one incident), among others, till July 24, in Bihar. During the corresponding period of 2015, the Maoists were involved in three incidents of abduction in which three persons were abducted, and two incidents of arson. No incident of bomb blast or attack on railway property was recorded during 2015.

Despite the alarm over the Aurangabad incident and the other violent activities in the State, the Maoists are under significant pressure. SF consolidation against the Maoists has been significant over a period of time, not just in Bihar but across the country. To overcome this situation they are striking wherever they can. Since October 2015, the Maoists in Chhattisgarh, in particular, have come under tremendous pressure, and the trend seems to be continuing in 2016. Out of the 132 Maoists killed in SF operations across LWE-affected States in India, 72 have been killed in Chhattisgarh alone. Jharkhand, the second most violent State after Chhattisgarh, also consolidated its position against LWEs with 27 rebels eliminated in the first six and half months of 2016. The situation in Odisha, Maharashtra and Bihar, widely varying, saw little violence during the corresponding period. On the other hand, the SF position against the Maoists in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana consolidated further. The Maoist endeavour to create new operational spaces in the trijunction of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka, received major jolts after the arrest of key leaders.   

According to partial data compiled by the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), 28 persons, including seven civilians, 13 SF personnel and eight Maoists, have been killed in Bihar in 2016 (till July 24), in comparison to seven persons, including three civilians, two SF personnel and two Maoists, killed in the corresponding period of 2015.

Half-Yearly CPI-Maoist linked Fatality in Bihar: 2011-2016

Year

Civilian
SF
CPI-Maoist
Total

2011

20
3
16
39

2012

11
2
8
21

2013

10
13
0
23

2014

6
6
3
15

2015

3
2
2
7

2016

7
13
8
28

Total

57
39
37
133
*Data updated till July 24, 2016

There is thus an overall declining trend in the fatalities in the State since 2011, with a spike in 2016. However, internal trends are inconsistent. The Maoist fatalities in 2016 are half of the peak of 16 fatalities in 2011. SF fatalities in 2016 are presently the same as the peak of 2013, while they were at a low of two in 2015 and 2012. Civilian fatalities were recorded at seven in 2016 in comparison to a peak of 20 fatalities in 2011.

Other indicators suggest continuing consolidation by SFs, despite the setback of July 18. Till July 24, 2016, SFs had arrested 66 Maoists in the State, including two CPI-Maoist ‘area commanders,’ two 'zonal commanders' and a 'supreme commander' of the Revolutionary Communist Centre (RCC). Two Maoists had also surrendered in the State during this period. It is significant that, since 2013, only 12 Maoists have surrendered in Bihar, in comparison to 1,278 in Chhattisgarh, another LWE-affected State in the country. This suggests that Bihar’s surrender policy is not bearing the desired result and that there is a need to review it.

Under the new surrender policy of 2013, the Bihar Government provides financial aides including INR 250,000 to top leaders who surrender; INR 10,000 as immediate assistance and INR 3,000 per month for rehabilitation, as well as rewards for each weapon surrendered. The updated 2015 Chhattisgarh Government surrender policy also provides compensation for ammunition and weapons, as well as housing for surrendered Naxals, and the possibility of all previous cases being removed from the record. It has also been hold that, upon surrender “the individual will be watched for six months and if his behaviour is deemed to be good” he will be liable for a government job. These additional features seem to be attracting more Maoists in Chhattisgarh to give up arms and join the mainstream.

SF personnel also recovered significant caches of arms, ammunition and explosives in Bihar. In one incident of recovery, the Special Task Force (STF) constituted by the Saran District Police recovered two rifles, a double barrel gun, a country-made rifle, 205 cartridges of 7.62 bore SLR with charge clip, two pressure cooker bombs with explosive materials, six SLR rifle magazines, 22 chargers, two detonators, handbills asking people not to participate in panchayat (Village level local-self government institution) election and INR 250,000 in cash from Baarhichak Dihee village under Maker Police Station on May 2, 2016. According to Union Ministry of Home Affairs (UHMA) data on comparative parameters of LWE violence (upto June 30 2016), 436 arms have been recovered in 2016 (till June 30) across all States, while, 330 arms were recovered in the corresponding period in 2015. No specific data on recovery of arms in Bihar is available.

Bihar has recorded three major incidents (each involving three or more fatalities) in 2016 (till July 24) in which three civilians, 10 SF personnel and seven Maoists were killed, in comparison to no major incident registered in 2015. The major incidents of 2016 in the State were:

July 18: Ten CRPF personnel belonging to the 225th CoBRA battalion were killed and five were injured in a Maoist orchestrated IED blast in the forests of Aurangabad District. Three Maoists were also killed in the encounter.

May 21: CPI-Maoist cadres killed three villagers at Gadi village in Chakai area of Jamui District, branding all of them ‘Police informers’.

January 8: Four CPI-Maoist cadres were killed while one CoBRA trooper received bullet injuries in an exchange of fire between SFs and Maoists at Bandh Gorya village under Dhibra Police Station area in Aurangabad District.

Bihar Police continues to lag in terms of capacities to deal with evolving challenges created by the Maoists. According to the National Crimes Record Bureau (NCRB) data, Bihar had 77 Police personnel per 100,000 populations, as on December 31, 2013, the worst ratio in the country, and far below the national average of 141. On July 27, 2016, in the 22nd meeting of Eastern Zonal Council at Ranchi in Jharkhand, various development schemes carried out in LWE-affected areas were assessed, and Bihar was found to be lagging in construction of fortified Police Stations. Out of the 45 sanctioned fortified Police Stations in Bihar, 40 are yet to be constructed. By comparison, in neighbouring Jharkhand, out of 73 sanctioned fortified Police Stations, only two were yet to be completed; in Odisha, out of 52 sanctioned fortified Police Stations, 18 remained to be constructed; and in West Bengal, out of 17 fortified Police Stations, just one was yet to be completed.

Bihar reels under the combined impact of backwardness, poverty and poor governance, which continue to create pools of potential violence in the region, and the Maoists have been quick to tap into these reserves. As demonstrated in the Aurangabad incident, the Maoists retain significant residual capacities to strike, and it would be a mistake to believe that SFs have made gains that will automatically be held. Indeed, in the present situation, it is only a redoubling of effort, with massive administrative initiatives to address welfare and developmental deficits in the afflicted areas, that can ensure a steady consolidation of the State, and the progressive marginalization LWE elements.

NEPAL
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Estranged Partners
S. Binodkumar Singh
Research Associate, Institute for Conflict Management

On July 24, 2016, Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli resigned from his post after spending 287 days in Singha Durbar (Lion's Palace), the seat of Nepal's Government minutes before Parliament was to vote on a no confidence motion he was likely to lose. Addressing the Parliament on the no-confidence motion, Oli rued, “The game for a change in the Government at this time is mysterious.”  

Significantly, on July 22, 2016, Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist-Centre (CPN-Maoist-Centre), a major coalition partner with 82 seats in 598-member Constituent Assembly (CA) in the Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist Leninist (CPN-UML)-led coalition Government, tabled a no-confidence motion in Parliament against Prime Minister Oli. Bimalendra Nidhi, a central-level leader of the Nepali Congress (NC), the largest opposition party with 206 seats, seconded the no-confidence motion tabled by Pushpa Kamal Dahal, chairman of the CPN-Maoist-Centre. CPN-UML has 182-members in the 598-member CA.  

Earlier, on July 12, 2016, CPN-Maoist-Centre had withdrawn its support from the incumbent Government, declaring that CPN-UML was reluctant to implement the “gentlemen’s agreement” and the nine-point agreement made with it on May 5, 2016. In a letter addressed to PM Oli, Dahal had declared:
Our party saw the need for national consensus to implement the new statute, complete the remaining tasks of peace process along with the transitional justice, resolve the issues raised by Madhesis, Janajatis and Tharus, and provide relief to the people and carry out reconstruction of the country in the wake of the last year's devastating earthquake. And the spirit of nine-point agreement that the Maoist party and CPN-UML forged in May was also national consensus. But as the leadership of the existing government was not ready to implement the nine-point agreement and the three-point gentlemen's agreement, it would be politically inappropriate for our party to remain in this government. Thus, we withdraw our support from this government now.

According to the “gentleman’s agreement”, Oli was to let Dahal take over the reins of Government after the tabling of the fiscal budget. Further, the nine-point agreement provided blanket amnesty for human rights abusers over the decade-long Maoist insurgency in order to save Maoist leaders from being implicated in war crimes. However, when Oli refused to step down even after the passage of the Appropriation Bill on July 9, 2016, the Maoists decided to withdraw support.

As expected, a day after the CPN-Maoist Center withdrew its support to the CPN-UML-led Government, the main opposition NC, during its Central Working Committee meeting held at the Nuptse Hall in the Parliament building on July 13, 2016, decided to lend support to Dahal as the new Prime Minister. The meeting also endorsed a seven-point agreement that the party President, Sher Bahadur Deuba, forged with Dahal to build a new coalition Government. As per the understanding between the two leaders, Dahal would first lead the coalition Government and Deuba would succeed him after 10 months.   

Subsequently, on the same day, seeking support for passing the no-confidence motion against Oli and taking part in the new Government, both NC and CPN-Maoist-Center leaders had approached the agitating parties of the United Democratic Madhesi Front (UDMF) comprising the Upendra Yadav-led Federal Socialist Forum-Nepal (FSF-N), the Mahantha Thakur-led Tarai Madhes Democratic Party (TMDP), the Rajendra Mahato-led Sadbhawana Party (SP) and the Mahendra Raya Yadav-led Tarai Madhes Sadbhawana Party (TMSP). Following a joint request from NC and CPN-Maoist Center, 19 MPs from UDMF signed on the no-confidence motion.  Again, on the same day, the Federal Alliance, an alliance of 30 ethnic and Madhesi parties formed on July 31, 2015, declared that it would also help NC and CPN-Maoist-Centre to unseat the CPN-UML-led coalition Government. There are about four dozen lawmakers in the Federal Alliance.

Further, on July 15, 2016, Dahal showed up at Khulamanch in Kathmandu, where the Federal Alliance was officially concluding its 39-day relay hunger strike. Addressing the function, Dahal declared, “The first point of seven-point agreement between Nepali Congress and Maoist Centre has considered the Alliance’s demands. Political solution will be sought [to address them] through positive dialogue.” Dahal was accompanied at the function by NC leader Purna Bahadur Khadka. The Federal Alliance had been demanding identity based autonomous states in Nepal and greater proportional representation in Parliament. Under the new Constitution, a smaller percentage of lawmakers are elected by proportional representation – 45 per cent, as compared to 58 per cent under the Interim Constitution. The Federal Alliance wants the provisions of the Interim Constitution restored in this regard.

Subsequent to Oli’s resignation, President Bidya Devi Bhandari on July 24, 2016, asked the present Government to continue in a caretaker capacity until a new Government is formed. As the incumbent Cabinet on July 23 had recommended the President to invoke Article 305 for removing the difficulties because there was no provision to elect a new Prime Minister after the Prime Minister's resignation in the transitional cabinet, President Bhandari issued an order on July 25 to elect a new Prime Minister in accordance with Article 298 (2) and (3) of the Constitution.

Though it is expected that the Maoists and the NC along with other parties, including the Madhesis, will come together to form a Government soon, innumerable challenges remain. Foremost among them are three pending Bills. Out of four bills — Appropriation Bill, Financial Bill, Bill to Raise Public Debt, and Loan, and Guarantee Bill – presented in Parliament on May 28, 2016, the Appropriation Bill, which allows the Government to implement budgetary programmes and utilize funds as per allocations made through the budget document, was approved by Parliament. However, the Financial Bill, Bill to Raise Public Debt, and Loan, and Guarantee Bill are yet to be approved and these are important for the Government to administer to the country’s economic needs and more urgent at a time when Nepal is still to recover from the losses of the April 2015 earthquakes. The importance of these bills are underlined by the fact that a meeting of the ruling parties’, including CPN-UML, Rastriya Prajatantra Party-Nepal (RPP-N), Madhesi People's Right Forum-Democratic (MPRF-D), Rastriya Prajatantra Party (RPP) and some other smaller parties held in Kathmandu on July 17, 2016, had decided not to allow a discussion on the no-confidence motion on July 21 without allowing a debate on three budget related bills first. Further, on July 19, 2016, Prime Minister Oli had urged the Speaker Onsari Gharti Magar to allow a debate on the three budget related bills before the discussion over the no-confidence motion. However, Parliament rejected the bills tabled by the incumbent Government, right before Dahal tabled the no-confidence motion against the incumbent Prime Minister. The prominent challenges which the new Government will have to address further include demands for transitional justice measures in the country, as Dahal is now expected to lead the Government. The new Government will also have to address the issues of accommodating the aspirations of the Madhesis and other minority communities in the constitutional scheme. Both these have been fractious issues that past Governments have failed to secure consensus on.

Since the restoration of parliamentary democracy in 1990, unstable politics, frequent ruptures of political parties and all-too-frequent changes of Government have plagued Nepal. The country has seen 23 Government changes in 26 years. Although, a Government has the mandate to rule for five years and thus pursue long-term plans and policies, the frequent turnover has resulted in half baked plans, ill executed policies, and way too many changes in working styles. Caught in the struggle between power hungry politicians and a highly unstable democratic system, many Nepalis feel trapped and helpless. Nepal has been in a state of political crisis for many years, and people’s hopes that the country would eventually sort itself out, establishing a measure of political stability and economic growth, continue to be belied.

 


NEWS BRIEFS

Weekly Fatalities: Major Conflicts in South Asia
July 18-24, 2016

 

Civilians

Security Force Personnel

Terrorists/Insurgents

Total

BANGLADESH

 

Islamist Terrorism

0
0
1
1

INDIA

 

Jammu and Kashmir

0
1
0
1

Meghalaya

1
0
0
1

Left-Wing Extremism

 

Bihar

0
10
3
13

Chhattisgarh

0
0
2
2

Total (INDIA)

1
11
5
17

PAKISTAN

 

Balochistan

2
0
0
2

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

9
1
2
12

Sindh

2
0
6
8

Total (PAKISTAN)

13
1
8
22
Provisional data compiled from English language media sources.


BANGLADESH

Extent of militancy has decreased in the country due to law enforcers' efforts, says IGP AKM Shahidul Hoque: Inspector General of Police (IGP) AKM Shahidul Hoque on July 22 said that the extent of militancy has decreased in the country due to law enforcers' efforts. He said there are militants in the country, but many of them have been arrested in Police drives while some have been killed in crossfire incidents. He called upon people of all caste and religions to come forward to root out militancy stating that elimination of militancy would be possible if a social movement could be waged through uniting the efforts of common people and law enforcement agencies. The Daily Star, July 23, 2016.


INDIA

Ten CoBRA commandos and three Maoists killed in Bihar: At least 10 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) Commandos - belonging to the Commando Battalion for Resolute Action (CoBRA) battalion - were killed and five others were injured in a Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist)-triggered Improvised Explosive Device (IED) blast in the Chakarbanda-Dumarinala forests area of Aurangabad District on July 18. Subsequently, an encounter started between the two sides resulting in the killing of three Maoists. Some arms and ammunition, including an AK-47 rifle, INSAS rifle and under barrel grenade launcher were also recovered from the encounter site.

Later on July 20, 'spokesperson' of the 'central zonal committee' CPI-Maoist, Paramjeet, in a press statement said, "Our brave cadres killed 10 CoBRA jawans of the CRPF. We laid the trap by giving them misleading information over the telephone which was under their surveillance. The three [Maoist] cadres who died in the encounter are Prince alias Jitender, Harinder alias Uday and Bipin alias Kisan. The fourth body is of a villager, not of our cadre." He claimed that the operation was carried out to shake the confidence of the Security Forces. Times of India, July 19-21, 2016.

IS operatives in India were in touch with Naxalites for terror training, according to NIA: Islamic State (IS) operatives in India had approached Naxalite [Left Wing Extremist (LWE)] groups to understand their modus operandi for perpetrating terror and were also planning to buy firearms from them, according to a supplementary charge sheet filed by the National Investigation Agency (NIA) in a Special Court in New Delhi against 16 people, including the absconding main recruiter of IS in India Shafi Armar, for allegedly indulging in terror-related activities in the country. "The accused persons contacted Naxalites to understand their modus operandi in committing terror acts and they also had plans to buy weapons from the Naxalites," NIA stated. NDTV, July 19, 2016.

"Solution as per the Framework Agreement was nearing its final stage", says NSCN-IM: Muivah faction of National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-IM) 'Kilo Kilonser (home minister)', Rh. Raising on July 19 said that "solution as per the Framework Agreement" was nearing its final stage, "focused on shared sovereignty, common identify of the Nagas (encompassing all Naga inhabited areas) Pan-Naga body, with the uniqueness of the Naga history being duly acknowledged among others". Addressing the NSCN-IM co-ordination meeting with the Ao community at Sungratsu village, Raising further said "it is mutually agreed that the two people will share sovereign power in some areas. It is also agreed that the two people will co-exist as two entities/equals". "We believe in the principle of interdependent relationship among people and nations, in the fields of political, economic, social and military, with mutual recognition of identities", he added. Nagaland Post, July 20, 2016.


NEPAL

Prime Minister K. P. Oli resigns: Prime Minister K. P. Oli resigned on July 24, nine months after coming to power and minutes before parliament was to vote on a no confidence motion he was likely to lose. "I have already submitted my resignation to the president when I met her before coming to the house," said Oli, in a speech in parliament ahead of the scheduled no confidence vote. This is the country's 23rd government to fall since a multi-party democracy began in 1990 after bloody protests." The Wire, July 25, 2016.


PAKISTAN

Around 1,000 bullet-ridden bodies recovered from Balochistan in past six years, reveal official documents: More than 940 bullet-ridden dead bodies were recovered from various districts of Balochistan whereas Quetta remained the worst-hit district with 346 dead bodies were recovered since 2010, revealed figures prepared by senior officials assigned to swiftly execute the National Action Plan (NAP). More than 51 percent mutilated bodies were identified as ethnic Baloch. Official figures continued to reveal shocking figures further as stating that 22 percent dead bodies belonged to Pashtuns while rest of the bullet-ridden corpses either remained unidentified or belong to Punjabis, Afghan refugees or non-Muslims. The 'confidential data', also exclusively available with Geo News (ASKKS Programme)/The News, further revealed that over 112 persons were still missing in the province. The News, July 25, 2016.

Crime on the rise despite LEAs' operation in Karachi, says CPLC: According to Citizen Police Liaison Committee (CPLC) official report the criminal activities and street crimes in Karachi are on the rise despite operation against the criminal elements by the law enforcement agencies (LEAs) in the metropolis in past six months. According to the report, the city witnessed around 233 murders during this period that makes 7/8 killings a day in the metropolis. It is believed that parts of Sindh province including suburbs of Karachi remained the safe heavens for criminals hailing and coming from Punjab province. "They were involved in kidnappings, killings and robberies in the province especially in Karachi. The militants from Punjab also remained involved in criminal activities as Karachi is considered as a sanctuary for them," the CPLC report said. Daily Times, July 25, 2016.

Rangers have mandate to operate in Karachi and not in whole province, says Sindh CM Syed Qaim Ali Shah: Chief Minister (CM) Syed Qaim Ali Shah on July 19 insisted that the paramilitary force, Pakistan Rangers, was given powers only to establish peace in Karachi and not to operate in the whole province. "The Rangers were given powers for four heinous crimes - terrorism, targeted killing, extortion and kidnapping for ransom… They were given powers to operate only in Karachi and not in the entire province," he stated. Earlier, Pakistan Rangers Sindh, Director General Major General Bilal Akbar had reportedly asserted that Rangers could move in any part of the province to chase criminals using their special powers given under the defined laws. Dawn, July 20, 2016.


SRI LANKA

All educational institutions should act as reconciliation centers and reconciliation should be included as a subject in curriculum, says President Maithripala Sirisena: President Maithripala Sirisena on July 20 said that all educational institutions, including universities and vocational training centers, should act as reconciliation centers and reconciliation should be included as a subject in the school curriculum. Commenting on the July 16, 2016, clash between two factions of students that occurred at the University of Jaffna, President Sirisena expressed his deep concerns and said "The Sinhala Buddhists will be able to live happily only after the concerns of other communities are resolved and the first step is to acknowledge that the people in the North also have grievances. With the introduction of a new constitution, we hope to unite the divided communities without in any way dividing the country." Daily Mirror, July 21, 2016.

Cabinet approves SLR 971 million to immediately resettle IDP families: Cabinet approved SLR 971 million to immediately resettle the families of the Internally Displaced People (IDP). At present, 971 families reside in 31 welfare centers, out of which 641 families are individuals without land. It is necessary to implement a priority housing project to resettle all the displaced families. Accordingly, the proposal made by the Minister of Prison Reforms, Rehabilitation, Resettlement and Hindu Religious Affairs, to implement an expedited housing project in this regard at a cost of SLR 971 million, has been approved by the Cabinet of Ministers. Colombo Page, July 21, 2016.


The South Asia Intelligence Review (SAIR) is a weekly service that brings you regular data, assessments and news briefs on terrorism, insurgencies and sub-conventional warfare, on counter-terrorism responses and policies, as well as on related economic, political, and social issues, in the South Asian region.

SAIR is a project of the Institute for Conflict Management and the South Asia Terrorism Portal.

South Asia Intelligence Review [SAIR]

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Editor
Dr. Ajai Sahni


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