Home
LATEST on SATP
Search
SEARCH ON SATP
SEARCH TERRORISM UPDATE
KEYWORD
Keyword is required.
START DATE
END DATE
KEYWORD
Keyword is required.
START DATE
END DATE
South Asia
Assessments
Backgrounder
Bibliography
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Afghanistan
Assessments
Backgrounder
Bibliography
Conflict Maps
Data Sheet
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Capital Region
Kabul
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
East Afghanistan
Kapisa
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Kunar
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Laghman
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Nangarhar
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Nuristan
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Panjsher
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Parwan
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
North Afghanistan
Badakhshan
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Baghlan
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Balkh
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Faryab
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Jowzjan
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Kunduz
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Samangan
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Sar-e-Pul
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Takhar
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
South Afghanistan
Daykundi
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Kandahar
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Uruzgan
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Zabul
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Southwest Afghanistan
Helmand
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Nimroz
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Southeast Afghanistan
Bamyan
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Ghazni
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Khost
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Logar
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Paktika
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Paktiya
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Wardak
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
West Afghanistan
Badghis
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Farah
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Ghor
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Herat
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Bangladesh
Assessments
Backgrounder
Bibliography
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Islamist Terrorism
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Left-wing Extremism
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Bhutan
Assessments
Backgrounder
Bibliography
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Central
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Eastern
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Southern
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Western
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
India
Assessments
Backgrounder
Bibliography
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Jammu & Kashmir
Assessments
Backgrounder
Bibliography
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Maoist Insurgency
Assessments
Backgrounder
Bibliography
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Andhra Pradesh
Assessments
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Bihar
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Chhattisgarh
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Goa
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Gujarat
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Haryana
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Jharkhand
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Karnataka
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Kerala
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Madhya Pradesh
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Maharashtra
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Odisha
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Rajasthan
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Tamil Nadu
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Telangana
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Uttar Pradesh
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Uttarakhand
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
West Bengal
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Insurgency North East
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Arunachal Pradesh
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Assam
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Manipur
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Meghalaya
Assessments
Backgrounder
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Mizoram
Assessments
Backgrounder
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Nagaland
Assessments
Backgrounder
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Tripura
Assessments
Backgrounder
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Punjab
Assessments
Backgrounder
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
ISLAMIST/OTHER CONFLICTS
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Andhra Pradesh
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Bihar
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Chandigarh (UT)
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Chhattisgarh
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Delhi
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Goa
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Gujarat
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Haryana
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Himachal Pradesh
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Jharkhand
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Karnataka
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Kerala
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Madhya Pradesh
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Maharashtra
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Odisha
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Pondicherry
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Rajasthan
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Sikkim
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Tamil Nadu
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Telangana
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Uttar Pradesh
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Uttarakhand
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
West Bengal
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Maldives
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Proviencs
Dhekunu (South)
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Mathi Dhekunu (Upper South)
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Mathi Uthuru (Upper North)
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Medhu (Central)
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Medhu Dhekunu (South Central)
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Medhu Uthuru (North Central)
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Uthuru (North)
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Nepal
Assessments
Bibliography
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Provinces
Province No. 1
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Province No. 2
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Province No. 3
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Province No. 4
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Province No. 5
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Province No. 6
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Province No. 7
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Pakistan
Assessments
Backgrounder
Bibliography
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Balochistan
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
FATA
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Islamabad Capital Territory
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Pakistan Occupied kashmir
Azad Kashmir
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Gilgit-Baltistan
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Punjab
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Sindh
Assessments
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Sri Lanka
Assessments
Bibliography
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Provinces
Central Province
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Eastern Province
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
North Central Province
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
North Western Province
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Northern Province
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Sabaragamua Province
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Southern Province
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Uva Province
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Western Province
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Arunachal Pradesh
Assessments
Backgrounder
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Assam
Assessments
Backgrounder
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Jammu & Kashmir
Assessments
Backgrounder
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Manipur
Assessments
Backgrounder
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Meghalaya
Assessments
Backgrounder
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Mizoram
Assessments
Backgrounder
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Nagaland
Assessments
Backgrounder
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Punjab
Assessments
Backgrounder
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Tripura
Assessments
Backgrounder
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Maoist Insurgency
Assessments
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Documents
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Andhra Pradesh
Assessments
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Bihar
Assessments
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Chhattisgarh
Assessments
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Goa
Timelines
Gujarat
Timelines
Haryana
Timelines
Jharkhand
Assessments
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Karnataka
Timelines
Kerala
Assessments
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Madhya Pradesh
Assessments
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Maharashtra
Assessments
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Odisha
Assessments
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Rajasthan
Timelines
Tamil Nadu
Timelines
Telangana
Assessments
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
Uttar Pradesh
Timelines
Uttarakhand
Timelines
West Bengal
Assessments
Conflict Maps
Data Sheets
Terrorist Groups
Timelines
ASSESSMENTS
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
BACKGROUNDER
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
CONFLICT MAPS
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
DATA SHEETS
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
DOCUMENTS
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
TERRORIST GROUPS
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
TIMELINES
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
BOOKS
The Knights of Falsehood
The Global Threat of Terror
Book Store
TERRORISM UPDATE
VIDEOS
FREEDOM FROM FEAR
WAR WITHIN BORDERS
SECOND SIGHT
ICM IN MEDIA
EXTERNAL RESOURCES
RISK ALERT
ISLAMIST EXTREMISM & TERRORISM IN SOUTH ASIA
SEMINARS/WORKSHOPS/PROJECTS/REPORTS
Jammu & Kashmir
Court Proceedings:2023
Read more...
Date
Incidents
January - 9 
On January 9, the Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) authorities have attached the property of a militant, identified as Usman Gulzar Wani, who was arrested in 2022 during an encounter in the Shopian village in Shopian District on August 30, 2022 during which three militants were killed, reports Daily Excelsio
Read more...
On January 9, the Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) authorities have attached the property of a militant, identified as Usman Gulzar Wani, who was arrested in 2022 during an encounter in the Shopian village in Shopian District on August 30, 2022 during which three militants were killed, reports Daily Excelsior. He is presently lodged at Kot Bhalwal Jail in Jammu District in J&K on judicial custody.
Read less...
January - 16 
On January 16, two Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) operatives, identified as Altaf Hussain Shah and his Pakistan-occupied Jammu Kashmir (PoJK)-based associate Mohd Qasim alias Suleiman were charge sheeted in a case related to grenade attack on a house in Rajouri District in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) on 2021, re
Read more...
On January 16, two Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) operatives, identified as Altaf Hussain Shah and his Pakistan-occupied Jammu Kashmir (PoJK)-based associate Mohd Qasim alias Suleiman were charge sheeted in a case related to grenade attack on a house in Rajouri District in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) on 2021, reports Daily Excelsior. One of the operative, namely, Mohammad Qasim, is absconding. The accused were charge sheeted under relevant Sections of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), Explosive Substance Act (ESA) and Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA).
Read less...
February - 4 
On February 4, a Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) militant, identified as Nisar Ahmad Dar alias Usman, has been sentenced to five years in jail by National Investigation (NIA) court in Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) under section 16, 18, 19, 20, 39 of Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) and 7/25 I
Read more...
On February 4, a Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) militant, identified as Nisar Ahmad Dar alias Usman, has been sentenced to five years in jail by National Investigation (NIA) court in Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) under section 16, 18, 19, 20, 39 of Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) and 7/25 I. Arms Act (AA), reports Greater Kashmir. Dar was earlier arrested on January 4, 2020 along with one AK-47 Rifle with two Magazines, 60 live rounds and two Chinese-made hand grenades with one pouch, Police said.
Read less...
March - 2 
On March 2, National Investigation Agency (NIA) court issued non-bailable warrants against 13 active militants, identified as Shahnawaz Kanth alias Munna alias Umer, Nayeem Ahmed alias Amir alias Gazi, Mohd Iqbal alias Bilal, Shahnawaz alias Nayeem, Javid Hussain Giri alias Muzamil, Bashir Ahmed Mug
Read more...
On March 2, National Investigation Agency (NIA) court issued non-bailable warrants against 13 active militants, identified as Shahnawaz Kanth alias Munna alias Umer, Nayeem Ahmed alias Amir alias Gazi, Mohd Iqbal alias Bilal, Shahnawaz alias Nayeem, Javid Hussain Giri alias Muzamil, Bashir Ahmed Mughal, Gazi-ul-Din, Sattar Din alias Rajab alias Saifullah, Imtiyaz Ahmed alias Dawood, Shabir Ahmed, Mohd Rafig Keen, Muzaffer Ahmed and Azad Hussain, all hailing from Kishtwar District in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) and operating from Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied-Kashmir (PoK) -warrant issued under Sections 120-B and 121 A of Indian Penal Code (IPC) and 12, 18 and 19 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), reports Indian Express. “They mobilised sleeper cells and pushed terrorists into J&K in connivance with secessionist and separatist leaders for waging war against the Government of India (GOI) with the nefarious design of seceding Jammu and Kashmir from the Union of India,” stated Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) Kishtwar. Further investigation in the case is underway.
Read less...
March - 3 
On March 3, National Investigation Agency (NIA) attached the property of Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM) ‘commander’, identified as Basit Reshi, in the Sopore area of Baramulla District in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), reports Greater Kashmir. The NIA claims that Reshi planned and executed an attack on a Police
Read more...
On March 3, National Investigation Agency (NIA) attached the property of Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM) ‘commander’, identified as Basit Reshi, in the Sopore area of Baramulla District in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), reports Greater Kashmir. The NIA claims that Reshi planned and executed an attack on a Police guard post at Tujar Sherief village in Baramulla District on August 18, 2015, in which Police personnel and a civilian were killed.
Read less...
March - 4 
On March 4, State Investigation Agency (SIA) Kashmir presented a charge-sheet in the National Investigation Agency (NIA) Court in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) against three Over Ground Workers (OGWs), identified as Umar Mushtaq Khan, Murtaza Rashid Dar, Sajjad Ahmad Dar, and a Pakistani militant, namely
Read more...
On March 4, State Investigation Agency (SIA) Kashmir presented a charge-sheet in the National Investigation Agency (NIA) Court in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) against three Over Ground Workers (OGWs), identified as Umar Mushtaq Khan, Murtaza Rashid Dar, Sajjad Ahmad Dar, and a Pakistani militant, namely Ali Kashif Jan alias Jan Ali Kashif, for hatching a criminal conspiracy with members of prescribed terrorist organisations operating in Union Territory (UT) of J&K and creating new modules of OGWs for harbouring and providing a variety of logistic support to terrorist organisations with the intention to further terrorist and unlawful activities in the UT, reports Greater Kashmir. “They were found having clandestine connections with Pakistan-based terrorist Ali Kashif Jan alias Ali Kashif of proscribed terrorist outfit Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) through social media and other secret messaging apps working with a motive to promote terrorist activities, besides procuring arms, ammunition and distributing them among the terrorists and waging war against the Union of India,'' stated SIA official.
Read less...
March - 29 
On March 29, State Intelligence Unit (SIU) presented a chargesheet before the Court of Special Judge in Kulgam District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) against five accused Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) militant associates, identified as Aaqib Hussain Nanda, Gowhar Manzoor Bhat, Aasif Lateef, Afloq Yousuf Digoo
Read more...
On March 29, State Intelligence Unit (SIU) presented a chargesheet before the Court of Special Judge in Kulgam District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) against five accused Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) militant associates, identified as Aaqib Hussain Nanda, Gowhar Manzoor Bhat, Aasif Lateef, Afloq Yousuf Digoo and Umer Hussain Dar, reports Daily Excelsior. During the course of investigation, it has been found that the accused persons were working as militant associates at the instance of one Pakistani based militant,namely, Raqeeb-ul-lah of the LeT.
Read less...
March - 30 
On March 30, Jammu and Kashmir Police (JKP) booked a case under Arms Act (AA) against Varinder Singh, a close aide of fugitive Khalistani leader and ‘chief’ of Waris Punjab De (WPD) Amritpal Singh, in connection with a gun licence issued to him in Kishtwar District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), report
Read more...
On March 30, Jammu and Kashmir Police (JKP) booked a case under Arms Act (AA) against Varinder Singh, a close aide of fugitive Khalistani leader and ‘chief’ of Waris Punjab De (WPD) Amritpal Singh, in connection with a gun licence issued to him in Kishtwar District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), reports Greater Kashmir. The district administration also cancelled his licence, and said it will probe how the former army jawan, who was sacked in 2015, procured the licence in 2014 and then kept getting it renewed in different Districts of J&K. The license has been allegedly renewed from Ramban, Poonch, Reasi, Baramulla, and Kathua Districts of J&K and it was valid till 2025.
Read less...
April - 11 
Court of Special Judge Designate under National Investigation Agency (NIA) Act in Srinagar District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) on April 11 framed charges against four accused persons, identified as Umar Mushtaq Khan, Murtaza Rashid Dar, Sajjad Ahmad Dar and Pakistan-based terrorist Ali Kashif Jan be
Read more...
Court of Special Judge Designate under National Investigation Agency (NIA) Act in Srinagar District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) on April 11 framed charges against four accused persons, identified as Umar Mushtaq Khan, Murtaza Rashid Dar, Sajjad Ahmad Dar and Pakistan-based terrorist Ali Kashif Jan belonging to the Jaish-e-Muhammad (JeM), in the Kashmir terrorist- Over Ground Workers (OGWs) nexus case, reports Daily Excelsior. The charges have been framed under Sections 13, 18, 38, and 39 of the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA), 121 and 120-B of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). State Investigation Agency (SIA) Kashmir registered the case on September 1, 2022, after inputs were received that handlers of terrorist organisations had created new modules of OGWs to aid and abet terrorists and secessionist organisations in J&K.
Read less...
April - 17 
On April 17, Special Investigation Unit (SIU) filed a chargesheet against two militants, identified as Nisar Ahmad and Hilal Ahmad Sheikh (dead), under section 3.I. Arms Act (AA) 13,16,18,18-B,38 Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA) in Baramulla District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) in a case per
Read more...
On April 17, Special Investigation Unit (SIU) filed a chargesheet against two militants, identified as Nisar Ahmad and Hilal Ahmad Sheikh (dead), under section 3.I. Arms Act (AA) 13,16,18,18-B,38 Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA) in Baramulla District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) in a case pertaining to the arrest of terrorist Nisar Ahmad Bhat on October 27, 2022, who, along with other terrorists were preparing to carry out terrorist activities in J&K, reports Daily Excelsior.
Read less...
April - 24 
National Investigation Agency (NIA) court awarded life-imprisonment to three Over Ground Workers (OGWs) of Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM) outfit namely, Majid Ali Sheikh, Shah Nawaz and Majid Amin in a terror funding case, reports Daily Excelsior on April 25. The accused were caught in 2004 with an amount
Read more...
National Investigation Agency (NIA) court awarded life-imprisonment to three Over Ground Workers (OGWs) of Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM) outfit namely, Majid Ali Sheikh, Shah Nawaz and Majid Amin in a terror funding case, reports Daily Excelsior on April 25. The accused were caught in 2004 with an amount of INR 9,38,000, which was terrorist funds collected from Javed Ahmed Wani of Doda District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) and was to be delivered to the militant of HM outfit.
Read less...
April - 25 
The Special Investigation Unit (SIU) of Srinagar Police on April 25 has filed a charge sheet against two militants, identified as Momin Gulzar Mir and Basit Ahmad Dar, and three militant associates, namely, Amir Mushtaq Dar, Kabil Rashid Dar and Aqib Jamal Bhat, in a militant case (FIR No. 69/2022),
Read more...
The Special Investigation Unit (SIU) of Srinagar Police on April 25 has filed a charge sheet against two militants, identified as Momin Gulzar Mir and Basit Ahmad Dar, and three militant associates, namely, Amir Mushtaq Dar, Kabil Rashid Dar and Aqib Jamal Bhat, in a militant case (FIR No. 69/2022), reports Daily Excelsior. The three arrested militant associates charge sheeted under Sections 7/25 Arms Act (AA), 13, 18, 23 & 39 of Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA), were providing logistic support to militants and procured hand grenades and Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) for carrying out terrorist activities. The accused militants, who are absconding, are found to be involved in the commission of offenses under Sections 13, 18, 20 & 38 UA(P) Act, and the proceedings under Section 299 Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) have been proposed to be initiated against them.
Read less...
May - 3 
The Special Investigation Agency (SIA) Kashmir files chargesheet against three individuals, identified as Bashir Ahmad Mir alias Moulvi Bashir Irfani, and two others (names not stated) for raising and circulating funds to further terrorist designs in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), reports Greater Kashmir
Read more...
The Special Investigation Agency (SIA) Kashmir files chargesheet against three individuals, identified as Bashir Ahmad Mir alias Moulvi Bashir Irfani, and two others (names not stated) for raising and circulating funds to further terrorist designs in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), reports Greater Kashmir on May 4. “Mir is a hardcore propagandist and conspirator and was the General Secretary of Hurriyat Conference (G) and chairman of Shabba-ul-Muslameen, who had been found receiving and holding proceeds of terrorism in the shape of hefty amounts of currency, recovered from his possession,” SIA spokesman said. “The two absconding accused persons have been found hobnobbing with the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan for having the patronage and logical support in carrying out terrorist activities in J&K”, he added.
Read less...
May - 7 
Special Investigation Unit (SIU) of Jammu and Kashmir Police (JKP) on May 7 conducted searches in the residential premises of Abdul Gani Bhat, father of Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM) ‘commander’ Farooq Ahmad Bhat alias Nali, at Chek Desen, Yaripora in Kulgam District of J&K, reports Daily Excelsior. “The
Read more...
Special Investigation Unit (SIU) of Jammu and Kashmir Police (JKP) on May 7 conducted searches in the residential premises of Abdul Gani Bhat, father of Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM) ‘commander’ Farooq Ahmad Bhat alias Nali, at Chek Desen, Yaripora in Kulgam District of J&K, reports Daily Excelsior. “The case pertains to the killing of five non-local labourers at Katrosa in Kulgam District in 2019. The SIU is investigating the case and has been conducting searches and investigations to bring the perpetrators to justice,” the SIU statement reads.
Read less...
May - 12 
State Intelligence Unit (SIU) Srinagar on May 12 chargesheeted five militant associates, identified as Rouf Safeer Dar, Javiad Ahmed Khanday, Mohammad Iqbal Dhobee, Shakir Ahmed Zargar, Waris Ramzan Gojre and terrorist Hamza, in the case involving the recovery of a significant cache of arms and ammu
Read more...
State Intelligence Unit (SIU) Srinagar on May 12 chargesheeted five militant associates, identified as Rouf Safeer Dar, Javiad Ahmed Khanday, Mohammad Iqbal Dhobee, Shakir Ahmed Zargar, Waris Ramzan Gojre and terrorist Hamza, in the case involving the recovery of a significant cache of arms and ammunition from a vehicle while transporting from Srinagar to Pattan on November 20, 2022, under the direction of a terrorist known as "Hamza" affiliated with the Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT), reports Daily Excelsior.
Read less...
May - 15 
National Investigation Agency (NIA), on May 15, filed a supplementary chargesheet against an accused, identified as Faisal Muneer alias Ali Bhai, of conspiring with Pakistan-based operatives of Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT)/ The Resistance Front (TRF) for transportation of firearms and explosives for carryi
Read more...
National Investigation Agency (NIA), on May 15, filed a supplementary chargesheet against an accused, identified as Faisal Muneer alias Ali Bhai, of conspiring with Pakistan-based operatives of Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT)/ The Resistance Front (TRF) for transportation of firearms and explosives for carrying out terrorist acts in India, reports NIA. The accused is an active Over Ground Worker (OGW) of LeT/TRF, received weapons/explosives/funds via drones from Pakistan near the Samba/Kathua International Border (IB) to carry out terrorist activities in India, storing them at his residence for distribution as directed by LeT/TRF operatives across the border, as per NIA investigations.
Read less...
May - 15 
On May 15, Special Investigation Unit (SIU) of Jammu and Kashmir Police (JKP) produced a charge sheet against a dead Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) militant, identified as Umer Nazir Bhat, and female militant associate, identified as Shaheen Akhter, in Anantnag District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) in a milita
Read more...
On May 15, Special Investigation Unit (SIU) of Jammu and Kashmir Police (JKP) produced a charge sheet against a dead Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) militant, identified as Umer Nazir Bhat, and female militant associate, identified as Shaheen Akhter, in Anantnag District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) in a militancy case, reports Daily Excelsior. A case (FIR No. 346/2022) under Sections 307, 302 India Penal Code (IPC), 7/27 Arms Act (AA), 17, 18, 20, 23, 38, 39 Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA) is registered against them.
Read less...
May - 22 
On May 22, National Investigation Agency (NIA) court in Kulgam District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) issued proclamation orders against five terrorists, identified as Arjumand Gulzar alias Hamza Bhuran, Bilal Ahmed Bhat, Sameer Ahmed Sheikh alias Kamran Bhai, Abid Ramzan Sheikh, and Basit Amin Bhat, i
Read more...
On May 22, National Investigation Agency (NIA) court in Kulgam District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) issued proclamation orders against five terrorists, identified as Arjumand Gulzar alias Hamza Bhuran, Bilal Ahmed Bhat, Sameer Ahmed Sheikh alias Kamran Bhai, Abid Ramzan Sheikh, and Basit Amin Bhat, involved in various terror crimes and targeted killings, asking them to surrender before it or the investigation agency, reports Daily Excelsior. “Special Court, Kulgam designated under NIA Act issued proclamation orders under section 82, Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) against five active terrorists involved in various terror crime and target killing cases, including killing of lady teacher Rajni Bala and bank manager Vijay Kumar in Kulgam in 2022,” a police spokesperson said in a statement.
Read less...
June - 3 
On June 3, State Investigation Agency (SIA) filed chargesheets against three operatives of a narco-terror module, identified as Rubeena Nazir, Ishfaq Ahmad Mir, and Mudasir Ahmad Poswal, for trafficking drugs and small arms, as well as diverting the proceeds to fund terror activities in Jammu and Ka
Read more...
On June 3, State Investigation Agency (SIA) filed chargesheets against three operatives of a narco-terror module, identified as Rubeena Nazir, Ishfaq Ahmad Mir, and Mudasir Ahmad Poswal, for trafficking drugs and small arms, as well as diverting the proceeds to fund terror activities in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), reports Greater Kashmir. The investigation revealed a narco-terror module operating in collaboration with terrorists from Pakistan, utilising encrypted messaging apps and smuggling narcotics and weapons through the Karnah sector in Kupwara District of J&K. The accused Rubeena Nazir played a pivotal role as the kingpin, managing the distribution of proceeds, facilitating digital transfers to terrorists' families, and coordinating the activities of the module. “While the investigation continues to uncover more evidence and suspects, it has so far established the involvement of 19 individuals,” the statement said. “The chargesheet has been filed against the first three suspects, shedding light on the complex network of narco-terrorism”, officials added.
Read less...
June - 11 
Jammu and Kashmir Police (JKP) conducted a search operation at the house of a Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM) militant, identified as Muddasir Ahmad, in Dachhan region in Kishtwar District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) on June 11, reports Daily Excelsior. “There are five different cases against Mudassar Hussai
Read more...
Jammu and Kashmir Police (JKP) conducted a search operation at the house of a Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM) militant, identified as Muddasir Ahmad, in Dachhan region in Kishtwar District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) on June 11, reports Daily Excelsior. “There are five different cases against Mudassar Hussain. We sought a house search warrant from the National Investigation Agency (NIA) court and carried out a search operation. The evidence was taken on record. If found in the investigation will definitely seize his properties”, officials stated.
Read less...
June - 12 
The Special Investigation Unit (SIU) Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) submitted a charge sheet in the National Investigation Agency (NIA) Court on June 12, against a militant associate, identified as Sameer Ahmad Mohand, and two deceased militants, namely, Shafat Muzffar Sofi and Umar Nabi Teli, in a case re
Read more...
The Special Investigation Unit (SIU) Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) submitted a charge sheet in the National Investigation Agency (NIA) Court on June 12, against a militant associate, identified as Sameer Ahmad Mohand, and two deceased militants, namely, Shafat Muzffar Sofi and Umar Nabi Teli, in a case related to Arms Act (AA) and Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA).
Read less...
June - 15 
On June 15, Special Investigation Unit (SIU) Srinagar Police produced a charge sheet against three Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT)/The Resistance Front (TRF) militants, identified as Basit Ahmed Dar, Momin Gulzar Mir and Adil Ahmed Parray, before the National Investigation Agency (NIA) court in Srinagar Distr
Read more...
On June 15, Special Investigation Unit (SIU) Srinagar Police produced a charge sheet against three Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT)/The Resistance Front (TRF) militants, identified as Basit Ahmed Dar, Momin Gulzar Mir and Adil Ahmed Parray, before the National Investigation Agency (NIA) court in Srinagar District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), reports Daily Excelsior. The militants were involved in an attack that took place on May 24, 2022, where a Police personnel was killed and his daughter injured. “One of the accused militants, namely, Adil Ahmed Parray, was killed in an encounter with Police at Sangam area of Srinagar District on June 12, 2022. The other two involved militants are still active and linked with proscribed militant outfit LeT/TRF,” officials stated. Additionally, a scooty bearing registration number JKO2CB-1268 used in the terrorist attack was also recovered by the Police.
Read less...
June - 21 
National Investigation Court (NIA) in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) on June 21, issued proclamation notice against an A++ category terrorist, identified as Reyaz Ahmad Dar alias Peerbaba alias Khalid, in a case registered FIR No. 10/2023 in Tral Police Station in Pulwama District of J&K, reports Greater K
Read more...
National Investigation Court (NIA) in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) on June 21, issued proclamation notice against an A++ category terrorist, identified as Reyaz Ahmad Dar alias Peerbaba alias Khalid, in a case registered FIR No. 10/2023 in Tral Police Station in Pulwama District of J&K, reports Greater Kashmir.
Read less...
July - 25 
National Investigation Agency (NIA) court issues non-bailable warrant against Basit Ahmad Dar, an active terrorist of Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) and The Resistance Front (TRF) who had been evading arrest, reports Daily Excelsior on July 26. The statement said that the case pertains to the killing of two
Read more...
National Investigation Agency (NIA) court issues non-bailable warrant against Basit Ahmad Dar, an active terrorist of Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) and The Resistance Front (TRF) who had been evading arrest, reports Daily Excelsior on July 26. The statement said that the case pertains to the killing of two non-local labourers in October 2021 at Laram Gangi Pora in Kulgam District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K).
Read less...
July - 28 
National Investigation Agency (NIA) court on July 28, issued proclamation orders against two active militants, identified as Yawar Bashir Dar and Irfan Yaqoob Lone, in Kulgam District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) on the instructions of State Investigative Unit (SIU), reports Daily Excelsior. They are
Read more...
National Investigation Agency (NIA) court on July 28, issued proclamation orders against two active militants, identified as Yawar Bashir Dar and Irfan Yaqoob Lone, in Kulgam District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) on the instructions of State Investigative Unit (SIU), reports Daily Excelsior. They are involved in a militancy case {FIR No. 51/2022 U/S 302 Indian Penal Code (IPC), 3/4 Explosive Substance Act (ESA) 16, 18, 20, 38 Unlawful Activities Prevention (UAPA) Act} registered in Qaimoh Police Station in Kulgam.
Read less...
August - 4 
Four persons, identified as Khursheed Ahmad Dar alias Shola, Riyaz Ahmad Rather, Tausseef Ahmad Khambay, and an Over Ground Worker (OGW) of the Ansar Ghazwat-ul Hind, have been booked under Public Safety Act (PSA) in Budgam District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), reports Daily Excelsior on August 5.
Read more...
Four persons, identified as Khursheed Ahmad Dar alias Shola, Riyaz Ahmad Rather, Tausseef Ahmad Khambay, and an Over Ground Worker (OGW) of the Ansar Ghazwat-ul Hind, have been booked under Public Safety Act (PSA) in Budgam District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), reports Daily Excelsior on August 5.
Read less...
September - 1 
On September 1, the Court convicted a terrorist associate of Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) identified as Shahid Fayaz Tarray under Section 39 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (UAPA), and penalised him to pay a fine of INR 0.1 million, reports Greater Kashmir. A case FIR No. 33/2019 was reg
Read more...
On September 1, the Court convicted a terrorist associate of Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) identified as Shahid Fayaz Tarray under Section 39 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (UAPA), and penalised him to pay a fine of INR 0.1 million, reports Greater Kashmir. A case FIR No. 33/2019 was registered for the associate for carrying out terrorist acts, motivating youth to join terror ranks, and organised terror modules to pay every possible help to strengthen the terror web in the region in Anantnag District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), says Police.
Read less...
September - 4 
On September 4, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) Court in Pulwama District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) issued proclamation orders against four terrorists identified as Owais Feroz Mir, Gowhar Manzoor Wani, Mubashir Ahmad Dar, and Feroz Ahmad Ganie, reports Greater Kashmir.
Read more...
On September 4, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) Court in Pulwama District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) issued proclamation orders against four terrorists identified as Owais Feroz Mir, Gowhar Manzoor Wani, Mubashir Ahmad Dar, and Feroz Ahmad Ganie, reports Greater Kashmir.
Read less...
September - 6 
On September 6, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) Court at Budgam District in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), issued a proclamation notice against an active militant identified as Aaqib Ahmad Shergojri, reports Daily Excelsior. This action followed a request from District Police Budgam, stating the a
Read more...
On September 6, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) Court at Budgam District in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), issued a proclamation notice against an active militant identified as Aaqib Ahmad Shergojri, reports Daily Excelsior. This action followed a request from District Police Budgam, stating the accused was involved in a case under Section 20, 38 Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) and notices were posted at various locations, including his residence, requiring him to appear before the trial court by October 3, 2023.
Read less...
September - 13 
A Division Bench (DB) of the Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court (HC) upheld the life imprisonment of Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM) militant identified as Abdul Hameed Teeli, reports Daily Excelsior on September 14. The prosecution had accused Teeli and Rafiq Ahmed Wani (another HM militant killed in
Read more...
A Division Bench (DB) of the Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court (HC) upheld the life imprisonment of Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM) militant identified as Abdul Hameed Teeli, reports Daily Excelsior on September 14. The prosecution had accused Teeli and Rafiq Ahmed Wani (another HM militant killed in an encounter with security forces on September 9, 2002) of entering Nazir Ahmed Wagay's (the victim) house and fatally shooting him in 2002. The report said the court found the accused guilty, confirming his conviction and sentence.
Read less...
September - 25 
On September 25, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) Court rejected bail to 10 leaders of Jammu & Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) and Hurriyat Conference who were previously booked under Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, reports Daily Excelsior. The accused persons include Firdous Ahmad Shah
Read more...
On September 25, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) Court rejected bail to 10 leaders of Jammu & Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) and Hurriyat Conference who were previously booked under Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, reports Daily Excelsior. The accused persons include Firdous Ahmad Shah, Jahangir Ahmad Bhat, Saheel alias Suhail Ahmad Mir, Khursheed Ahmad Bhat, Syed Rehman Shams alias Shams-u-din Rehmani, Sajad Hussain Gul, Mohammad Rafiq Pahloo alias Salim Nanaji, Gh. Hassan Parray alias Firdousi, Mohammed Yaseen Bhat, Shabir Ahmad Dar, said the report.
Read less...
November - 7 
On November 7, the Police produced a chargesheet against a terrorist and an associate identified as Mohd Yousuf Chouhan and Mohd Amin alias Jahangir in the Kishtwar District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), reports Daily Excelsior. The case, registered in FIR No. 117/2023, U/Section 13/18/39, the charge
Read more...
On November 7, the Police produced a chargesheet against a terrorist and an associate identified as Mohd Yousuf Chouhan and Mohd Amin alias Jahangir in the Kishtwar District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), reports Daily Excelsior. The case, registered in FIR No. 117/2023, U/Section 13/18/39, the chargesheet was a crucial step in the pursuit of justice in this case filed under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA).
Read less...
November - 7 
The State Investigation Agency (SIA) presented a charge sheet against three accused identified as Danish Ahmad Koul, Faizan Ishtiyaq Kharadi, and Hamaad Farooq Tramboo in a terror funding case related to raising funds from Saudi Arabia and Muscat in Oman for supporting terrorist activities in Jammu
Read more...
The State Investigation Agency (SIA) presented a charge sheet against three accused identified as Danish Ahmad Koul, Faizan Ishtiyaq Kharadi, and Hamaad Farooq Tramboo in a terror funding case related to raising funds from Saudi Arabia and Muscat in Oman for supporting terrorist activities in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), reports Daily Excelsior on November 7. The accused had conspired with a Pakistan-based terror handler. Funds raised abroad were laundered and channeled through accounts associated with terrorists, the report informed.
Read less...
December - 12 
The Counter Intelligence Kashmir (CIK) produced a charge sheet against the Pakistani handler of Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) identified as Abdul Rehman alias Riyaz alias Umar and Jigar alias Ashfaq alias Luqman Ali and their associates identified as Junaid-ul-Islam, Sheikh Najmu Saqib, and Waseem Ferooz S
Read more...
The Counter Intelligence Kashmir (CIK) produced a charge sheet against the Pakistani handler of Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) identified as Abdul Rehman alias Riyaz alias Umar and Jigar alias Ashfaq alias Luqman Ali and their associates identified as Junaid-ul-Islam, Sheikh Najmu Saqib, and Waseem Ferooz Sheikh in the National Investigation Agency (NIA) Court in Srinagar District of Jammu and Kashmir, reports Daily Excelsior on December 12. The statement issued by the CIK said that the investigation conducted has revealed that the Pakistani terrorist handler at the behest of Inter-State Intelligence (ISI) had created a module of Over ground Workers (OGWs) and passed on directions to them via different covert encrypted messaging applications for luring youths to take up the arms against the sovereignty of India.
Read less...
December - 19 
On December 19, Police in attached immovable properties of five Kashmiri militants, based in Pakistan, in Ganderbal District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), reports Daily Excelsior. Police in a statement said that in pursuance to the order of Court of Additional Mobile Magistrate Ganderbal Police attach
Read more...
On December 19, Police in attached immovable properties of five Kashmiri militants, based in Pakistan, in Ganderbal District of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), reports Daily Excelsior. Police in a statement said that in pursuance to the order of Court of Additional Mobile Magistrate Ganderbal Police attached immovable properties of five proclaimed offenders who have exfiltrated to Pakistan/Pakistan occupied Jammu and Kashmir (PoJK) for attaining training of illegal arms. The police spokesman further said that pertinent to mention that the offenders are at large across the border in PoJK /Pakistan.
Read less...
ADVANCED SEARCH
Incident Year Wise
Incidents- 2024
Incidents- 2023
Incidents- 2022
Incidents- 2021
Incidents- 2020
Incidents- 2019
Incidents- 2018
Incidents- 2016
Incidents- 2015
Incidents- 2014
Incidents- 2013
Incidents- 2012
Incidents- 2011
Incidents- 2010
Incidents- 2009
Incidents- 2008
Incidents- 2007
Incidents- 2006
Incidents- 2005
Incidents- 2003
Incidents- 2002
Incidents- 2001
Incidents- 2000
Country :
--All--
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Zone :
--All--
State :
--All--
District :
--All--
Date From :
The Valid date is required
Date To:
The Valid date is required