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South Asia Terrorism Portal

SOUTH ASIA INTELLIGENCE REVIEW
[SAIR]

Weekly Assessments & Briefings
Volume 18, No. 4, July 22, 2019
 
Data and assessments from SAIR can be freely published in any form with credit to the South Asia Intelligence Review of the South Asia Terrorism Portal.

ASSESSMENT

  • INDIA: Tactical Reprisals - Deepak Kumar Nayak
  • PAKISTAN: IEDs: Continuous Haemorrhage - Tushar Ranjan Mohanty


INDIA

 

    Print


Tactical Reprisals
Deepak Kumar Nayak
Research Associate; Institute for Conflict Management

On July 12, 2019, Nalluri Srinivas Rao (40), a leader of the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), the ruling party in the neighbouring state of Telangana, was allegedly bludgeoned to death with a boulder by Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist) cadres at Puttapadu village in the Sukma District of Chhattisgarh. Srinivas was allegedly abducted by a 15-member Maoist team from his house in Kothur village under Charla Mandal (administrative sub-division) in the Bhadrachalam agency of Bhadradri-Kothagudem District, Telangana, on July 8.

A letter signed by Saradakka aka Jajjari aka Sammakka aka Sarakka, ‘secretary’ of the CPI-Maoist ‘Charla-Sabari area committee’, left behind at the site of the killing, alleged that Srinivas was working in tandem with the Police and giving information about Maoist movements to the Police. The Maoists also alleged in the note, “Rao had a close nexus with Special Branch police and campaigned against the Maoist party.”

Interestingly, the letter also alleged that Srinivas had grabbed land from Adivasis (tribals), and had been tipping off State intelligence units, resulting in the arrest of some civil rights' activists. However, on July 10, two days after the abduction, pamphlets by the Adivasi associations surfaced at Tegada, Kaliveru, Satyanarayanapuram, R. Kothagudem, Kudunur, Chintaguppa and Lenin Colony villages in Charla Mandal in the Bhadradri Kothagudem District stating,

It was unjust on part of Maoists to abduct such a person. In case Srinivas Rao has committed any wrong, Maoists would have given him a prior warning but no such thing happened. Hence, he should be released without causing any harm to his life.

This incident of killing of a political leader has several precedents in the trajectory of Maoist violence. Indeed, a spurt in political killings has been witnessed in Naxal [Left Wing Extremism, LWE] violence across the country. In the current year itself, such incidents include:

June 19: CPI-Maoist cadres killed Santosh Punem, a Samajwadi Party (SP) leader, after abducting him in the Bijapur District of Chhattisgarh. Santosh, a contractor by profession, was abducted by the Maoists from his construction site situated in Marimalla village under the Ilmidi Police Station area. The road between Lodhed and Marimalla was under construction under the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna (PMGSY, Prime Minister’s Village Roads Plan) scheme, and Punem had gone to supervise this work when he was abducted and killed.

May 25: An Indian National Congress (INC) leader was hacked to death by CPI-Maoist cadres at Kistapar under the Bhairamgarh Police Station in Bijapur District, Chhattisgarh. The deceased, identified as Sahadev Samrath (30), was dragged out of his house and hacked by the Maoists just a few kilometres away from the local Police Station. He was also branded a ‘police informer’ by the Maoists.

April 9: A Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) legislator from the Bastar region, Bhima Mandavi (40) and his four security personnel were killed, as Maoist cadres targeted the convoy in which he was travelling, in a forested patch near Nakulnar Village in the Kuwakonda Tehsil (revenue unit) in the Dantewada District of Chhattisgarh. Mandavi was the elected Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from Dantewada in December 2018, and was the only BJP MLA in the Bastar Division, since 2003.

According to partial data collated by the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), at least four political leaders have been killed in five incidents of Maoist attack on political leadership across India since the beginning of 2019 (data till July 21, 2019). During the corresponding period in 2018, no such incident was registered. However, at least two political leaders were killed in one incident in the remaining period of 2018. On September 23, 2018, CPI-Maoist cadres gunned down Kidari Sarveswara Rao, an MLA from the ruling Telugu Desam Party (TDP) and Siveru Soma, a former MLA, also belonging to TDP, near Livitiput village in Dumbriguda Mandal in the agency area of the Visakhapatnam District of Andhra Pradesh.

At least 152 political leaders have been killed in 195 incidents of Maoist attacks on the leadership across India since the time of CPI-Maoist’s formation in 2004 (data till July 21, 2019). At peak in 2009, the number of such incidents stood at 44, in which at least 31 political leaders were assassinated by the Naxalites.

An overview of the geographical distribution of such incidents indicates that, since the formation of CPI-Maoist, West Bengal has registered at least 74 incidents of attacks on political leaders, resulting in 62 fatalities, and ranked first among eight States where such incidents were recorded over this period. Andhra Pradesh, with 32 such incidents and 21 fatalities, ranked second; Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand, with 28 such incidents each, and 27 and 21 fatalities, respectively, ranked third; Bihar and Odisha, with 14 such incidents each, and five and 12 fatalities, respectively, ranked fourth; Maharashtra, with four incidents and three fatalities, ranked fifth; and Karnataka, with one such incident and one fatality, was sixth.

Prominently, in 1998, cadres of the Communist Party of India (Marxist Leninist) – People’s War (also, the People’s War Group, PWG) carried out an attack targeting the then Chief Minister, N. Chandrababu Naidu, while he was campaigning for the Metpally Assembly by-election near Kathlapur village in the Karimnagar District of Andhra Pradesh. Naidu survived the attack, but Police personnel present on the spot sustained severe injuries.

Importantly, the worst ever attack by the Maoists targeting the political leadership, across all Maoist affected regions in India, was the May 25, 2013, ambush in which 29 persons were killed, and another 30 injured, some of them critically, in the swarming attack by Maoist cadres in the Darbha Ghati region of Sukma District, Chhattisgarh. Five INC leaders, eight INC workers, and eight SF personnel were among 29 the persons killed. The INC leaders killed included Mahendra Karma, senior Congress leader and the controversial architect of the armed Salwa Judum (anti-Maoist ‘people’s movement’ in Chhattisgarh); the then INC state President, Nandkumar Patel; his son Dinesh Patel, the then Youth Congress leader; former MLA Uday Mudaliyar; and former Union Minister Vidya Charan Shukla. The Maoists who targeted their political victims alone, reportedly did not execute the Policemen after the crossfire ended. The Darbha Ghati attack wiped out a major section of the then State Congress leadership.

High-profile ambushes targeting political leaders help the Maoists energise their dispirited cadres, attract new cadres to their ranks, and reinforce their waning influence. Further, the Maoists justify such killings, claiming they have brought the perpetrators of crimes against the people to justice.

On July 10, 2019, the Union Minister of State for Home Affairs, G. Kishan Reddy, replying to a question in the Lok Sabha (Lower House of India’s Parliament), claimed that there has been a consistent decline in both LWE violence and the geographical spread of LWE influence. While, violent incidents have declined from a high of 2,258 in 2009 to 833 in 2018, resultant fatalities have declined steadily from 1,005 in 2010 to 240 in 2018. He also stated that the reduction in the geographical spread of LWE is evident in the decline in the number of Districts reporting violence to 60 in 2018. There were a total of 223 Maoist-affected districts in 2008, as per UMHA data.

Despite the reverses the Maoists have suffered across the country, however, it is clear that the Maoists have not given up, nor have they lost their capacities to strike against high value targets.


PAKISTAN

    Print

IEDs: Continuous Haemorrhage
Tushar Ranjan Mohanty
Research Associate; Institute for Conflict Management

On July 10, 2019, one soldier was killed and another five were injured in two separate bomb explosions in the North Waziristan District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). The first incident occurred near Kharqamar check-post in Data Khel tehsil (revenue unit). Officials disclosed that a bomb disposal squad was searching the area when a remote-controlled Improvised Explosive Device (IED) went off. Four security personnel were injured. One of the injured personnel later succumbed to his injuries. The second blast took place near Mir Ali town, when a Security Forces’ (SFs) vehicle hit the IED while they were on their way to the Army’s Golden Arrow School, which had been struck by a rocket. Two SF personnel were injured in the blast.

On June 7, 2019, three Army officers and a soldier were killed while another four soldiers sustained injuries when militants targeted a military vehicle through an IED planted on the roadside in the Kharqamar area of North Waziristan District of KP.

On June 6, 2019, two Frontier Corps (FC) personnel were killed in an IED explosion in the Khost tehsil of Harnai District in Balochistan. A statement released by ISPR noted, "terrorists targeted FC troops during their patrolling on Eid security duties."

On June 1, 2019, at least one Pakistan Army soldier was killed in a gun and bomb attack on a military vehicle in the Boya area of North Waziristan District in KP. The terrorists first opened fire on the Army vehicle, which was on routine patrolling in the area, before they attacked it with an IED.

According to partial data compiled by the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), Pakistan has already recorded a total of at least 11 incidents of IED attacks resulting in 12 deaths and over 49 persons injured in 2019 (data till July 21). These incidents have been registered in two provinces: Balochistan (six incidents, seven killed and 40 injured) and KP (five incidents, five killed and nine injured).

Since March 6, 2000, the number of such explosions stands at 498. These incidents have resulted in 1,026 deaths and 2,447 persons injured. The maximum number of incidents have been reported from FATA (172), followed by KP (132), Balochistan (83), Sindh (70) and Punjab (45). In terms of fatalities, FATA (371) comes first, followed by KP (360), Balochistan (117), Sindh (133) and Punjab (45). [Since media access is heavily restricted in the most disturbed areas of Pakistan, and there is only fitful release of information by Government agencies, the actual figures could be much higher.]

IED attacks in Pakistan: 2000-2019*

Year

Incidents
Killed
Injured
2000
4
35
87+
2001
2
0
34+
2002
11
17
104+
2003
12
5
73+
2004
6
5
32+
2005
6
9
26+
2006
10
24
79+
2007
17
48
79+
2008
11
112
27+
2009
24
107
86+
2010
28
61
222+
2011
24
24
46+
2012
41
49
109+
2013
71
211
610+
2014
78
116
375+
2015
57
75
133+
2016
40
47
157+
2017
26
44
47+
2018
19
25
72+
2019
11
12
49+
TOTAL
498
1026
2447
Source: SATP, * Data till July 21, 2019.

Further, during the period of Taliban control over the tribal areas, the terrorists had planted innumerable IEDs. There have been a continuous trickle of incidents of accidental explosions of such IEDs in the tribal areas. According to the SATP database, there have been at least 118 such incidents resulting in 248 fatalities and 263 persons injured since 2000. 

Accidental IED Explosions in Pakistan: 2000-2019*

Year

Incidents
Killed
Injured
2000
0
0
0
2001
0
0
0
2002
1
4
7
2003
0
0
0
2004
3
8
5
2005
4
13
12
2006
27
67
36
2007
6
21
22
2008
10
35
26
2009
6
37
27
2010
18
13
30
2011
43
50
98
2012
28
36
41
2013
18
17
27
2014
8
9
14
2015
8
6
11
2016
9
12
8
2017
5
21
17
2018
2
3
3
2019
4
3
7
TOTAL
118
248
263
Source: SATP, * Data till July 21, 2019.

IEDs pose a particularly serious threat in the KP Districts and erstwhile FATA. When the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) started returning to their homes in 2017 after a series of military operations in the tribal areas of KP and erstwhile FATA — they found their villages and areas surrounding their homes littered with deadly landmines.

Mohammad Mumtaz Khan, an IDP from South Waziristan, describing his personal horror story about IEDs, stated, on April 26, 2018: “I am lucky that I got away with a small injury. It may not be so the next time around. He added, further, that the mountains and valleys were “teeming” with improvised explosive devices (IED) and explosive remnants of war (ERW).” Raza Shah, who heads the Sustainable Peace and Development Organization, an active member of the global Control Arms Coalition and International Action Network on Small Arms, agreed: “Despite having cleared the area of militants, it is not possible for many to move about freely as the place remains infested with landmines.” 

The Pakistan Institute for Conflict and Security Studies (PICSS) noted that deaths in IED attacks are the third highest in any specific type of attack (physical assaults caused highest fatalities followed by suicide attacks). IEDs have, consequently, worried the Pakistani security establishment for long certain measures have been adopted to counter the threat.

In 2012, the Army established the Counter IED Explosives and Munitions School (CIEMS) to help train responders to reduce the IED threat. The then CIEMS Chief Instructor Brigadier Basim Saeed had claimed, on April 22, 2014, that the School helped the country slash the frequency of IED incidents by 20 per cent since its establishment.

An inter-agency meeting, headed by Lieutenant General Rashad Mahmood, the then Chief of General Staff (CGS), was held on February 11, 2013. During the meeting it was decided to create a new force to combat the increasing use of IEDs in terrorism incidents. Later, a March 2, 2014, media report quoting an unnamed defence official claimed that the anti-IED Division established within the armed forces had become fully functional in multidimensional anti-IED operations in various cities and troubled areas of the country. At the same time, comprehensive awareness campaigns were also in the process of being launched. According to the official, extra security measures had been taken at all levels and on all tiers in order to curb the incidents of IED attacks in market places, civilian gatherings and religious processions.

Further in 2015, the Police School of Explosive Handling (PSEH), a first of its kind, was established at Nowshera in KP, to administer different courses on explosive handling. 3,171 personnel, including 86 ladies, had been trained in 130 courses till 2018.

Also, an unnamed senior security official said on December 15, 2018, that 22 demining teams were being formed by the Army to defuse and remove IEDs and landmines in KP and the erstwhile FATA. The official disclosed that these de-miners would be in addition to the 43 teams already working in the seven former tribal agencies. The de-mining teams were active in all the tribal districts, particularly in North Waziristan and South Waziristan. The Bomb Disposal Unit (BDU) of KP Police continued to play a vital role in combating the IED menace. The KP-BDU successfully defused 201 IEDs during 2018.

Though the de-miners have cleared mines many places, a great deal of work remains in certain areas, as explosions continue occur regularly causing loss of life and injuries. Despite adopting a number of measures to dry up supplies of raw material for IED manufacture, moreover, Pakistan continues to struggle to control IED attacks.

 
NEWS BRIEFS

Weekly Fatalities: Major Conflicts in South Asia 
July 15-21, 2019

 

Civilians

Security Force Personnel

Terrorists/Insurgents

Total

INDIA

 

Jammu and Kashmir

0
1
2
3

INDIA (Left-Wing Extremism)

 

Andhra Pradesh

2
0
0
2

Jharkhand

0
0
3
3

Odisha

2
0
0
2

INDIA (Total)

4
1
5
10

NEPAL

0
0
1
1

PAKISTAN

 

KP

3
6
1
10

PAKISTAN (Total)

3
6
1
10
Provisional data compiled from English language media sources.

AFGHANISTAN

U.S. pledges $29 million to support operational cost of the Afghan Presidential Elections: The United States (US) pledged USD 29 million to support the operational cost of the Presidential Elections in Afghanistan. The U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan John Bass said, "We're pleased the election budget has finally been finalized. That enables the United States to provide up to $29 million to support operations." The Independent Election Commission on July 15 announced that the authorities have approved USD 149 million budget for the upcoming presidential elections with Afghan Government's contribution will be USD 90 million and the remaining USD 59 million will be funded by the international community.Khaama, July 17, 2019.

"Getting ready to launch another mission in the hope of making further process", tweets US Envoy Zalmay Khalilzad:The United States (US) Special Envoy Zalmay Khalilzad on July 19 held talks with ambassadors of Germany and India as well as with Foreign Minister of Uzbekistan to "consult" with them about the Afghan peace process. Khalilzad said in a tweet that he is "getting ready to launch another mission in the hope of making further process", referring to the next round of his talks with the Taliban in Doha aimed at ending the Afghan war through a political settlement. Khalilzad concluded the seventh round of talks with the Taliban in Doha and termed the last round of talks as "most productive". On June 25, the US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo in his visit to Kabul said he hopes that Afghanistan will achieve a peace deal ahead of the Presidential Elections which is scheduled for September 28, 2019. Tolo News, July 20, 2019.

 

INDIA

14 terror suspects extradited from UAE arrested by NIA in Tamil Nadu: 14 persons, deported for allegedly raising funds in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for an 'Islamic State' in India, were arrested by the National Investigation Agency (NIA). They were brought in a special aircraft to Chennai (Tamil Nadu) from New Delhi on July 15 and remanded in judicial custody after being produced before a special court for NIA cases in Poonamallee on the Chennai city's outskirts. The arrests were made by the NIA following the registration of an FIR in New Delhi on receipt of credible information by the Central Government that the group which called itself Wahdat-e-Islami, along with another called Jarnab Islam Al Jihadya, was trying to establish Islamic rule in India. They had allegedly received training from the 'Ansarullah Movement' in Yemen.

Meanwhile, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) probe into the Islamic State (IS) terror module in Tamil Nadu revealed the terror sleeper cell's links with the banned outfit Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI). Earlier NIA conducted raids in several locations after 14 persons were deported from the UAE on July 15 for allegedly raising funds to establish an IS unit in India. The NIA also questioned the prime accused in the case, identified as Syed Bukhari, who is believed to be a former cadre of SIMI and is the president of an outfit called Wahadat-e-Islam, which is supposedly an offshoot of the banned outfit SIMI. Bukhari was currently in Kochi (Ernakulam District of Kerala) for further questioning. The Hindu, July 17, 2019. Times of India, July 17, 2019.

Pakistan training pro-Khalistani members in its terror pads, inform Intelligence Agencies: Terror camps across the border in Pakistan are being used to train pro-Khalistani members, Indian intelligence agencies inform the Central Government and Security Forces (SFs). "There are around 20 to 25 pro-Khalistani members in the camps getting arms and bomb-making training. There are also 30 new recruits of Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba undergoing training. Both the groups are kept together," the intelligence agencies have said in a message to security establishments. They have also shared the locations of the camps on the other side of the Line of Control (LoC). DNA, July 20, 2019.

Indian hands over 23-page dossier to Pakistan, says report:India, in a dossier to Pakistan, has mentioned nearly 30 instances in the past four years when Sikh pilgrims visiting the neighbouring country were subjected to 'anti-India propaganda' such as espousing the Khalistani cause. The 23-page dossier was handed over to the Pakistani delegation during the Kartarpur corridor talks held at Wagah on July 14. Gopal Singh Chawla, a key "Khalistani element", instigated the Sikh community to support Kashmiris for the formation of "Azad Kashmir", says the dossier.' The Hindu, July 18, 2019.

3,498 Bru refugee families identified as bona-fide residents of Mizoram, states Mizoram Home Secretary: Mizoram Home secretary Lalbiakzam stated that 3,498 families staying in the six Bru relief camps in Tripura have been identified as bona-fide residents of the state. He also added that all the identified families have expressed willingness to return to Mizoram during the proposed Government-sponsored repatriation process. The second phase of identification process commenced on July 3 and is scheduled to be completed by July 20. Eastern Mirror Hindu, July 12, 2019.

 
PAKISTAN

10 persons including six Policemen killed in two attacks in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: 10 people, including three civilians, six Policemen and one terrorist, died in two back-to-back attacks in Dera Ismail Khan city (Dera Ismail Khan District) of the province on July 21. Unidentified gunmen on four motorcycles opened fire on Policemen at the Kotla Saidan checkpost in a residential area killing two Policemen. Following the gun attack, a suicide blast took place at the hospital where the victims were shifted, the female bomber struck at the entrance to the hospital, killing four Policemen and three civilians who were visiting their relatives. 30 others were injured in the two incidents. Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) 'spokesperson' Muhammad Khorasani, in a statement, claimed the attack was carried out in retaliation for the killing of a suspected terrorist by the Counter-Terrorism Department (CTD) in Dera Ismail Khan Khan on June 23. Daily Times, July 22, 2019.

Pakistan treated us worse than dogs, accuses Pro-Khalistani leader Gopal Singh Chawla: After his removal from the post of General Secretary of the Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (PSGPC), pro-Khalistani leader Gopal Singh Chawla in a video on the social media said that "Pakistan treated him worse than a dog". "Pakistan ne hamey kutta bhi nahi samjha," he was heard saying in the video. He said, despite all the sacrifices made by him, he was booted out of the panel. "We understand the decision was a part of a policy, but at least the PSGPC members could have been called for a meeting before announcing the decision. No one even asked for our views. We were treated like dogs," he said. The New Indian Express, July 18, 2019.

Earlier, acceding to India's request, Pakistan dropped Chawla from a panel linked to the Kartarpur Corridor, ahead of the July 14 meeting between officials of the two sides on the cross-border corridor. The Pakistan Government announced a new 10-member PSGPC, minus Chawla, following objections from India. However, the PSGPC has included another known pro-Khalistani leader, Ameer Singh, in the panel. Ameer Sing, the brother of known Khalistani leader Bishen Singh is said to be among the frontline leaders of the Khalistani movement in Pakistan.

 
 
For assessments on other South Asian countries and for daily news updates on terrorism visit
South Asia Terrorism Portal 

The South Asia Intelligence Review (SAIR) is a weekly service that brings you regular data, assessments and news briefs on terrorism, insurgencies and sub-conventional warfare, on counter-terrorism responses and policies, as well as on related economic, political, and social issues, in the South Asian region.

SAIR is a project of the Institute for Conflict Management and the South Asia Terrorism Portal

 
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